{"id":47081,"date":"2025-01-20T08:07:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T08:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=47081"},"modified":"2025-01-20T08:07:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T08:07:26","slug":"explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Explore the Fascinating Soils of India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Learn about the soils of India, their classification, distribution, characteristics, and importance for agriculture, economy, and UPSC preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/guided-courses-geography-optional\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Geography-Optional-Integrated-1280\u00d7300-2-2-1-1.svg\" alt=\"Geography Optional Integrated\" class=\"wp-image-42186\" width=\"776\" height=\"181\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a04ff78bf38b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a04ff78bf38b\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Check_Shabbir_Sirs_Class_Notes\" title=\"Check Shabbir Sir&#8217;s Class Notes\">Check Shabbir Sir&#8217;s Class Notes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Click_here_to_download\" title=\"Click here to download\">Click here to download<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Soil_Classification\" title=\"Soil Classification&nbsp;\">Soil Classification&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Major_Soils_of_India\" title=\"Major Soils of India&nbsp;\">Major Soils of India&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#1_Alluvial_Soils\" title=\"1. Alluvial Soils&nbsp;\">1. Alluvial Soils&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#2_Black_Soils_Regur_Soils\" title=\"2. Black Soils (Regur Soils)&nbsp;\">2. Black Soils (Regur Soils)&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#3_Red_Soils\" title=\"3. Red Soils&nbsp;\">3. Red Soils&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#4_Laterite_Soils\" title=\"4. Laterite Soils&nbsp;\">4. Laterite Soils&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#5_Mountain_Soils\" title=\"5. Mountain Soils&nbsp;\">5. Mountain Soils&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#6_Desert_Soils\" title=\"6. Desert Soils&nbsp;\">6. Desert Soils&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#7_Saline_and_Alkaline_Soils\" title=\"7. Saline and Alkaline Soils&nbsp;\">7. Saline and Alkaline Soils&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#8_Peaty_and_Marshy_Soils\" title=\"8. Peaty and Marshy Soils&nbsp;\">8. Peaty and Marshy Soils&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Factors_Influencing_Soil_Formation_in_India\" title=\"Factors Influencing Soil Formation in India&nbsp;\">Factors Influencing Soil Formation in India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Importance_of_Soil_Conservation\" title=\"Importance of Soil Conservation&nbsp;\">Importance of Soil Conservation&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#To_get_free_counselingsupport_on_UPSC_preparation_from_expert_mentors_please_call_9773890604\" title=\"To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604\">To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/explore-the-fascinating-soils-of-india\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_Here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013&nbsp;Here\">Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013&nbsp;Here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><strong>Introduction<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding soil classification and the types of soils in India is vital for UPSC Geography Optional students. Soils play a critical role in agriculture, economy, and ecology, and are influenced by various factors such as parent material, climate, topography, and biological activity. Here, we will explore the classification of soils and their distribution across India.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Check_Shabbir_Sirs_Class_Notes\"><\/span><strong>Check Shabbir Sir&#8217;s Class Notes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Click_here_to_download\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Soil-classification-and-Soils-of-India.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Click here to download<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_Classification\"><\/span><strong>Soil Classification<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Soil can be classified based on several criteria, such as genesis, physical and chemical properties, and geographical distribution. Two major systems of classification are:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Classification<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ICAR classifies Indian soils into eight major groups:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Alluvial Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Black Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Red Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Laterite Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mountain Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Desert Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Saline and Alkaline Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Peaty and Marshy Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. USDA Soil Taxonomy<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The USDA classification system is based on soil properties such as texture, moisture content, and temperature. It includes orders like Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Vertisols, which are also found in India.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Soils_of_India\"><\/span><strong>Major Soils of India<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Alluvial_Soils\"><\/span><strong>1. Alluvial Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Found in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, coastal plains, and river valleys.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: Fertile, rich in potash and lime but deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Rice, wheat, sugarcane, pulses, and oilseeds.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Black_Soils_Regur_Soils\"><\/span><strong>2. Black Soils (Regur Soils)<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Deccan Plateau regions of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Derived from basaltic rocks.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: High clay content, retains moisture, rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, and iron.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Cotton (hence called &#8220;cotton soil&#8221;), sorghum, and groundnut.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Red_Soils\"><\/span><strong>3. Red Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and parts of Maharashtra.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Weathering of crystalline and metamorphic rocks.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: Reddish color due to the presence of iron oxide, low in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Millets, groundnut, and pulses.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Laterite_Soils\"><\/span><strong>4. Laterite Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, parts of Karnataka, Kerala, and Meghalaya.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Intense leaching due to heavy rainfall.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: Low fertility, acidic, rich in iron and aluminum.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Tea, coffee, cashew, and rubber.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Mountain_Soils\"><\/span><strong>5. Mountain Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Himalayan regions, including Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Formed by the accumulation of organic matter in forested regions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: Poor in humus in snow-covered areas but fertile in valley regions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Tea, fruits, and vegetables.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Desert_Soils\"><\/span><strong>6. Desert Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Rajasthan, Gujarat, and parts of Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Derived from arid conditions with low rainfall.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: Sandy, low in organic matter, saline, and alkaline in nature.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Millets, barley, and pulses with irrigation support.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Saline_and_Alkaline_Soils\"><\/span><strong>7. Saline and Alkaline Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Arid and semi-arid regions of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Accumulation of salts due to high evaporation rates.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: Poor drainage, saline, and unsuitable for traditional crops.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Salt-tolerant crops like barley, cotton, and sugar beet.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Peaty_and_Marshy_Soils\"><\/span><strong>8. Peaty and Marshy Soils<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: Kerala, coastal Odisha, and Sundarbans region of West Bengal.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation<\/strong>: Accumulation of organic matter in waterlogged and swampy areas.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: High organic content, acidic, and water-retentive.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crops<\/strong>: Suitable for paddy cultivation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_Influencing_Soil_Formation_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Factors Influencing Soil Formation in India<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Parent Material<\/strong>: Determines the mineral composition and texture of the soil.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>Climate<\/strong>: Influences weathering, leaching, and organic matter decomposition.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li><strong>Topography<\/strong>: Affects drainage and soil erosion.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\"><li><strong>Biological Activity<\/strong>: Adds organic matter to the soil.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\"><li><strong>Time<\/strong>: Determines the maturity and development of soil profiles.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Soil_Conservation\"><\/span><strong>Importance of Soil Conservation<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s diverse soils are under threat due to deforestation, overgrazing, improper agricultural practices, and industrial pollution. Measures such as afforestation, contour plowing, terrace farming, and integrated nutrient management are essential for sustainable soil conservation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding soils and their characteristics helps UPSC aspirants connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications, such as land use patterns and agricultural practices. A clear grasp of this topic is crucial for answering questions in both the Prelims and Mains examinations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-e6963b04-cab6-4c30-87bb-2fbbac2c189a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"To_get_free_counselingsupport_on_UPSC_preparation_from_expert_mentors_please_call_9773890604\"><\/span><strong>To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-0d0ed6e9-ce2e-4b93-8d2b-f04518480f92\"><li>Join Geography Optional Course \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/geography-optional-by-shabbir-sir-integrated-course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/li><li>Get Geography Hard Copy notes \u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/+uq2Jq2ezMHE3ZjA1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;Click Here<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-d43aa89b-d314-4863-a7c4-071ab0c592d5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_Here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about the soils of India, their classification, distribution, characteristics, and importance for agriculture, economy, and UPSC preparation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":47082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3734],"tags":[143,892,3702,1665],"class_list":["post-47081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geography-optional-notes-2","tag-geography_optional","tag-indian-geography","tag-shabir-sir","tag-soils-of-india"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47081"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47106,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47081\/revisions\/47106"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}