{"id":8035,"date":"2023-04-27T07:14:08","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T07:14:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=8035"},"modified":"2024-01-20T07:28:13","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T07:28:13","slug":"temple-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Temple Architecture &#8211; UPSC Indian Art &#038; Culture Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Temple architecture is a manifestation of profound cultural and religious expression, reflecting the beliefs and values of diverse societies throughout history. Across different civilizations, temples serve as sacred spaces dedicated to worship, meditation, and spiritual reflection. One of the distinctive features of temple architecture is its ability to combine aesthetic beauty with functional significance. Temples often exhibit intricate designs, meticulous carvings, and symbolic elements that convey religious narratives and mythologies. The architectural styles vary widely, ranging from the towering spires of Hindu temples in India to the serene simplicity of Shinto shrines in Japan. Additionally, ancient civilizations like the Greeks and Romans contributed to temple design, creating structures such as the Parthenon and the Pantheon. The layout and orientation of temples are often carefully planned to align with celestial and natural phenomena, further emphasizing the connection between the divine and the earthly realms. Temple architecture, therefore, stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and spiritual devotion of civilizations across the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d3ca27bb1d9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d3ca27bb1d9\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Early_Temples_in_India\" title=\"Early Temples in India&nbsp;\">Early Temples in India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#The_basic_form_of_the_Hindu_temple\" title=\"The basic form of the Hindu temple&nbsp;\">The basic form of the Hindu temple&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Dravida_style_of_temple_architecture\" title=\"Dravida style of temple architecture&nbsp;\">Dravida style of temple architecture&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Nagara_Style_or_North_India_Temple_style\" title=\"Nagara Style or North India Temple style&nbsp;\">Nagara Style or North India Temple style&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Different_Sub-schools_of_Nagara_Style_of_Temple_Architecture\" title=\"Different Sub-schools of Nagara Style of Temple Architecture&nbsp;\">Different Sub-schools of Nagara Style of Temple Architecture&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Famous_Nagara_temples_in_various_regions_of_India\" title=\"Famous Nagara temples in various regions of India&nbsp;\">Famous Nagara temples in various regions of India&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Central_India\" title=\"Central India&nbsp;\">Central India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#West_India\" title=\"West India&nbsp;\">West India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#East_India\" title=\"East India&nbsp;\">East India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#The_Hill_States_of_India\" title=\"The Hill States of India&nbsp;\">The Hill States of India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Vesara_style_of_temple_architecture\" title=\"Vesara style of temple architecture&nbsp;\">Vesara style of temple architecture&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Unique_features_of_Vesara_style_of_temple_architecture\" title=\"Unique features of Vesara style of temple architecture&nbsp;\">Unique features of Vesara style of temple architecture&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#Influence_of_Nagara_and_Dravidian_style_of_temple_architecture_on_the_style_of_Vesara\" title=\"Influence of Nagara and Dravidian style of temple architecture on the style of Vesara&nbsp;\">Influence of Nagara and Dravidian style of temple architecture on the style of Vesara&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#1_What_is_the_significance_of_temple_architecture_in_India\" title=\"1. What is the significance of temple architecture in India?\">1. What is the significance of temple architecture in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#2_How_does_temple_architecture_in_South_India_differ_from_that_in_North_India\" title=\"2. How does temple architecture in South India differ from that in North India?\">2. How does temple architecture in South India differ from that in North India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#3_What_are_some_famous_examples_of_Lotus_Temple_architecture_in_India\" title=\"3. What are some famous examples of Lotus Temple architecture in India?\">3. What are some famous examples of Lotus Temple architecture in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#4_How_can_I_prepare_for_temple_architecture-related_questions_in_the_UPSC_exam\" title=\"4. How can I prepare for temple architecture-related questions in the UPSC exam?\">4. How can I prepare for temple architecture-related questions in the UPSC exam?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#5_What_are_the_main_elements_of_traditional_Indian_temple_architecture\" title=\"5. What are the main elements of traditional Indian temple architecture?\">5. What are the main elements of traditional Indian temple architecture?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/temple-architecture\/#For_Admissions_talk_to_our_Mentor_%E2%80%93_9811333901_9811333782\" title=\"For Admissions, talk to our Mentor &#8211; 9811333901, 9811333782\">For Admissions, talk to our Mentor &#8211; 9811333901, 9811333782<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Early_Temples_in_India\"><\/span>Early Temples in India&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During the <strong>early part <\/strong>of the <strong>Vedic era<\/strong>, there is <strong>no clear mention of temples<\/strong>. Instead, worship and rituals were conducted in front of the <strong>holy fire<\/strong>, known as &#8220;<strong>yajnas<\/strong>&#8220;. However, as the Vedas progressed, idol worship alongside the ceremonial fire began to be practiced, with these idols being housed in basic dwellings. The initial temples were likely made of earth mounds and were later replaced by brick structures with grass roofs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before <strong>distinctive temple styles<\/strong> emerged in India, there were <strong>three types of early temples<\/strong>: the <strong>Sandhara <\/strong>type <strong>without Pradikshinapatha<\/strong>, the <strong>Nirandhara type<\/strong> with <strong>Pradakshinapatha<\/strong>, and the <strong>Sarvatobhadra type<\/strong>, which could be accessed from all sides. Some of the notable temple sites from this era include <strong>Deogarh <\/strong>in <strong>Uttar Pradesh<\/strong>, <strong>Eran<\/strong>,<strong> Nachna-Kuthara<\/strong>, and <strong>Udaygiri <\/strong>near <strong>Vidisha <\/strong>in <strong>Madhya Pradesh<\/strong>. These temples were simple structures, comprising a veranda, a hall, and a shrine at the rear.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_basic_form_of_the_Hindu_temple\"><\/span>The basic form of the Hindu temple&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The fundamental elements of a Hindu temple include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>Sanctum (Garbhagriha)<\/strong>, was originally a small cubicle with a single entrance that later grew in size. This chamber houses the main icon, which is the focus of much ritual attention.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The entrance to the temple, which can be a portico or colonnaded hall accommodates a large number of worshippers and is known as a mandapa.<\/li><li>Freestanding temples often have a spire that resembles a mountain, such as a curving Shikhar<strong> in North India<\/strong> or a <strong>pyramidal tower<\/strong>, called a <strong>vimana<\/strong>, in South India.<\/li><li>The <strong>Vahan<\/strong>, which is the <strong>mount <\/strong>or <strong>vehicle <\/strong>of the temple&#8217;s main deity, along with a standard pillar or <strong>dhvaj <\/strong>placed axially before the sanctum.<\/li><li>In India, there are two broad orders of temples: <strong>Nagara in the north<\/strong> and <strong>Dravida in the south<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Some experts also recognize the <strong>Vesara style of temples<\/strong>, created by the selective mixing of the <strong>Nagara <\/strong>and <strong>Dravida orders<\/strong>, as a distinct style of temple architecture.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The iconography of Indian temples falls under the branch of art history known as iconography. It involves the identification of images based on specific symbols and mythologies associated with them. Each region and period in India produced its unique style of images with regional variations in iconography.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Architecture_of_a_Vishnu_temple_Nagara_style_with_Ardhamandapa_Mandapa_Garbha_Griya_Sikhara_Amalaka_Kalasa_marked.jpg\" alt=\"Kandariya Mahadeva Temple\" class=\"wp-image-8036 lazyload\" width=\"532\" height=\"399\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Architecture_of_a_Vishnu_temple_Nagara_style_with_Ardhamandapa_Mandapa_Garbha_Griya_Sikhara_Amalaka_Kalasa_marked.jpg 1508w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Architecture_of_a_Vishnu_temple_Nagara_style_with_Ardhamandapa_Mandapa_Garbha_Griya_Sikhara_Amalaka_Kalasa_marked-1170x878.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Architecture_of_a_Vishnu_temple_Nagara_style_with_Ardhamandapa_Mandapa_Garbha_Griya_Sikhara_Amalaka_Kalasa_marked-585x439.jpg 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 532px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 532\/399;\" \/><figcaption>Kandariya Mahadeva Temple<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The placement of an image in a temple is carefully planned. For example, river goddesses (Ganga and Yamuna) are typically found at the entrance of a <strong>Garbhagriha <\/strong>in a<strong> Nagara temple,<\/strong> while <strong>Dvarapalas (doorkeepers)<\/strong> are commonly found on the <strong>gateways <\/strong>or <strong>gopurams <\/strong>of <strong>Dravida temples<\/strong>. Additionally, <strong>mithunas (erotic images)<\/strong>, <strong>navagrahas (the nine auspicious planets)<\/strong>, and <strong>yakshas <\/strong>are often placed at entrances to guard them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Subsidiary shrines<\/strong> surrounding the <strong>main temple<\/strong> are dedicated to the family or incarnations of the main deity. Finally, various decorative elements, such as <strong>gavaksha<\/strong>, <strong>vyala\/yali<\/strong>, <strong>kalpa-lata<\/strong>, <strong>amalaka<\/strong>, <strong>kalasha<\/strong>, etc., are used in specific ways and locations in a temple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dravida_style_of_temple_architecture\"><\/span>Dravida style of temple architecture&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Pallavas<\/strong>, who ruled over parts of <strong>Karnataka<\/strong>, <strong>Andhra Pradesh<\/strong>, and <strong>northern Tamil Nadu<\/strong> until the <strong>ninth century<\/strong>, pioneered the Dravidian style of temple architecture in South India. Although they were mostly <strong>Shaivite<\/strong>,<strong> several Vaishnava shrines<\/strong> also survived from their reign. The early buildings are usually attributed to <strong>Mahendravarman I<\/strong>, a contemporary of the <strong>Chalukyan king<\/strong>, <strong>Pulakesin II <\/strong>of Karnataka. <strong>Narasimhavarman I<\/strong>, also known as <strong>Mamalla<\/strong>, who ascended the Pallava throne around <strong>640 CE<\/strong>, is celebrated for his architectural works.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The main features of <strong>Dravidian temple architecture<\/strong> include the temple being enclosed within a compound wall and having an entrance gateway in the front wall known as a <strong>Gopuram<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The main temple tower, called <strong>vimana <\/strong>in Tamil Nadu, is shaped like a <strong>stepped pyramid<\/strong> that rises up geometrically instead of the curving shikhara found in North Indian temples.<\/li><li>The <strong>crowning element<\/strong> at the top of the temple, usually shaped like a <strong>small stupika<\/strong> or an <strong>octagonal cupola<\/strong>, is called shikhara in North Indian temples, equivalent to the <strong>amalak <\/strong>and <strong>kalasha<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Fierce <strong>Dvarapalas <\/strong>adorn the entrance to <strong>garbhagriha<\/strong>, guarding the temple.<\/li><li>It is common to find a <strong>large water reservoir<\/strong>, or a<strong> temple tank<\/strong>, enclosed within the complex.<\/li><li><strong>Subsidiary shrines<\/strong> are either incorporated within the main temple tower or located as separate small shrines beside the main temple.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"449\" height=\"171\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/1415776748.indian-architech-6.jpg\" alt=\"Dravida style of temple architecture\" class=\"wp-image-8037 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 449px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 449\/171;\" \/><figcaption>Dravida style of temple architecture<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Kailashnath temple<\/strong> at <strong>Ellora <\/strong>is a famous example of a temple built in complete Dravidian style.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dravidian temples<\/strong> can be classified into <strong>five different shapes<\/strong>: square, rectangular, elliptical, circular, and octagonal. However, several different shapes may be combined in specific periods and places to create a unique style.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Famous Dravidian temples in India include the magnificent <strong>Shiva temple of Thanjavur<\/strong>, called the <strong>Rajarajeswara <\/strong>or <strong>Brihadeshwara temple<\/strong>, built in the Dravidian style and completed around <strong>1009 <\/strong>by <strong>Rajaraja Chola<\/strong>. It is the <strong>largest <\/strong>and <strong>tallest <\/strong>of <strong>all Indian temples<\/strong>. Other famous Dravidian temples in the south include the <strong>Annamalaiyar Temple<\/strong> in <strong>Tiruvannamalai<\/strong>, <strong>Tamil Nadu<\/strong>, <strong>Meenakshi temple<\/strong>, <strong>Tamil Nadu<\/strong>, <strong>Airavatesvara temple<\/strong>, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Pallavas <\/strong>created beautiful monuments in the <strong>7th century AD<\/strong>. <strong>Mahendravarman<\/strong> and his son <strong>Narasimhavarman <\/strong>were great patrons of <strong>art and architecture<\/strong>, and their contribution to rock-cut architecture will be discussed elsewhere. The <strong>Shore temple<\/strong> at <strong>Mahabalipuram <\/strong>was built later, probably in the reign of <strong>Narasimhavarman II<\/strong>, also known as <strong>Rajasimha<\/strong>, and has shrines dedicated to <strong>Shiva <\/strong>and <strong>Vishnu<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Shore_Temple_-Mamallapuram_-Tamil_Nadu_-N-TN-C55-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shore Temple - Mahabalipuram\" class=\"wp-image-8038 lazyload\" width=\"573\" height=\"573\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Shore_Temple_-Mamallapuram_-Tamil_Nadu_-N-TN-C55-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Shore_Temple_-Mamallapuram_-Tamil_Nadu_-N-TN-C55-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Shore_Temple_-Mamallapuram_-Tamil_Nadu_-N-TN-C55-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Shore_Temple_-Mamallapuram_-Tamil_Nadu_-N-TN-C55-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Shore_Temple_-Mamallapuram_-Tamil_Nadu_-N-TN-C55-585x585.jpg 585w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Shore_Temple_-Mamallapuram_-Tamil_Nadu_-N-TN-C55-120x120.jpg 120w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 573px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 573\/573;\" \/><figcaption>Shore Temple &#8211; Mahabalipuram<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Cholas <\/strong>perfected the <strong>Dravidian temple<\/strong> style inherited from the <strong>Pallavas<\/strong>. During this time, the architecture style became more elaborate by moving away from the early cave temples of the Pallavas. Stone became the <strong>predominant material for temple construction<\/strong>, and <strong>Gopurams <\/strong>became more <strong>prominent<\/strong>, decorated with carvings representing various Puranas. The Vimanas attained greater grandeur during the Chola period. The temple tower of <strong>Brihadeshwara temple<\/strong> is 66 meters tall, and greater emphasis was given to the use of sculptures in temple construction.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nagara_Style_or_North_India_Temple_style\"><\/span>Nagara Style or North India Temple style&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Nagara style of temple architecture, popular in northern India, is characterized by an entire temple built on a <strong>stone platform<\/strong> with steps leading up to it. Unlike other styles, Nagara temples typically <strong>lack elaborate boundary walls<\/strong> or <strong>gateways<\/strong>. The <strong>garbhagriha<\/strong>, or <strong>inner sanctum<\/strong>, is always located directly <strong>under the tallest tower<\/strong>, and the <strong>shape of the shikhara (tower)<\/strong> can vary among subdivisions of Nagara temples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another defining feature of Nagara style is the <strong>Amalaka <\/strong>or <strong>Kalash <\/strong>installed on the <strong>Shikhara<\/strong>. Examples of this style can be seen in the <strong>Kandariya Mahadev Temple<\/strong> in Madhya Pradesh, as well as the <strong>Sun temple in Konark<\/strong>, the <strong>Sun temple at Modhera in Gujarat<\/strong>, and the <strong>Ossian temple in Gujarat<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/49946163016_c80f3edfea_b.jpg\" alt=\"Kandariya Mahadev Temple\" class=\"wp-image-8039 lazyload\" width=\"543\" height=\"307\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/49946163016_c80f3edfea_b.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/49946163016_c80f3edfea_b-585x331.jpg 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 543px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 543\/307;\" \/><figcaption>Kandariya Mahadev Temple<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Nagara style of temple architecture<\/strong> can be classified based on the style of <strong>Shikhara<\/strong>, which is the <strong>tower-like structure<\/strong> on the top of the temple.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rekha-Prasad<\/strong> or <strong>Latina style <\/strong>features a simple Shikara with a square base and inward curving walls that have a pointed top. Examples of this style include the <strong>Sun Temple at Markhera<\/strong> in <strong>Madhya Pradesh<\/strong> and the <strong>Sri Jagannath Temple <\/strong>in <strong>Odisha<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Shekari style<\/strong> is a variation of <strong>Latina<\/strong>, featuring a <strong>main Rekha-Prasad Shikara<\/strong> and one or more rows of smaller steeples on both sides of the central spire. The <strong>Khajuraho Kandariya Mahadev Temple<\/strong> is an example of this style.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bhumija style<\/strong> evolved from the <strong>Latina style<\/strong> and was developed in <strong>Malwa <\/strong>under the Paramara dynasty. It features a flat upward tapering projection comprising of a central Latina spire and miniature spires on the quadrant formed by the tapering tower. Examples of this style include the <strong>Udayeshwar Temple <\/strong>in Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Udaipur_Temple_west_side-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Bhumija Style\" class=\"wp-image-8040 lazyload\" width=\"483\" height=\"483\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Udaipur_Temple_west_side-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Udaipur_Temple_west_side-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Udaipur_Temple_west_side-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Udaipur_Temple_west_side-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Udaipur_Temple_west_side-585x585.jpg 585w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Udaipur_Temple_west_side-120x120.jpg 120w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 483px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 483\/483;\" \/><figcaption>Bhumija Style<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Valabhi style<\/strong> temples are <strong>rectangular <\/strong>in <strong>shape <\/strong>and feature <strong>barrel-vaulted roofs<\/strong>. They are also known as wagon vaulted buildings\/structures. The<strong> Teli Ka Mandir<\/strong>, a <strong>9th Century <\/strong>temple at Gwalior, is an example of this style.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/jageshwar-05-e1606314206193-861x1024.jpg\" alt=\"vallabhi Style\" class=\"wp-image-8041 lazyload\" width=\"345\" height=\"410\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 345px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 345\/410;\" \/><figcaption>Vallabhi Style<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Phamsana style features shorter but broader structures comprising of roofs with numerous slabs that rise upwards in a gentle slope on a straight incline like a pyramid meeting at a single point over the mid-point of the building. The Jagmohan of Konark Temple is constructed in the Phamsana style.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Different_Sub-schools_of_Nagara_Style_of_Temple_Architecture\"><\/span>Different Sub-schools of Nagara Style of Temple Architecture&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Odisha School<\/strong> &#8211; The <strong>Shikara (Deul)<\/strong> of this school rises <strong>vertically before curving inwards at the top<\/strong>, with a square base and circular upper reaches. These temples are known for their intricate exterior carvings and often have boundary walls, unlike Nagara temples of the north.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Chandel School<\/strong> &#8211; These temples are conceived as a <strong>single unit<\/strong> and feature <strong>Shikaras that curve from bottom to top<\/strong>. Miniature Shikaras rise from the central tower, and towers that gradually rise up to the main tower cap both the porticos and halls.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Solanki School<\/strong> &#8211; Similar to the Chandel School, but with carved ceilings that resemble a true dome. These temples are known for their intricate decorative motifs, with carvings present on both the inner and outer sides of the walls, except for the central shrine.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Simplified_schema_of_Kalinga_architecture.jpg\" alt=\"Kalinga Architecture\" class=\"wp-image-8042 lazyload\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Simplified_schema_of_Kalinga_architecture.jpg 960w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Simplified_schema_of_Kalinga_architecture-585x439.jpg 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 420px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 420\/315;\" \/><figcaption>Kalinga Architecture<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Famous_Nagara_temples_in_various_regions_of_India\"><\/span>Famous Nagara temples in various regions of India&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Central_India\"><\/span>Central India&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Central India is home to some of the <strong>oldest surviving Nagara style structural temples<\/strong>, which date back to the Gupta Period and are located in Madhya Pradesh. These temples are relatively simple, with each having <strong>four pillars<\/strong> that support a <strong>small mandapa<\/strong> or <strong>porch-like extension <\/strong>leading to the <strong>garbhagriha<\/strong>, which is the main shrine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One classic example of a late Gupta Period temple is the <strong>Deogarh temple<\/strong>, located in the <strong>Lalitpur District <\/strong>of Uttar Pradesh. This temple, built in the<strong> early sixth century CE<\/strong>, is in the <strong>panchayatana style of architecture<\/strong>, with the main shrine on a rectangular plinth and four smaller subsidiary shrines at the four corners. The presence of a curvilinear shikhara of the latina or rekha-prasada type confirms that this is an early example of a classic Nagara style of temple.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The<strong> Lakshmana temple<\/strong> in <strong>Khajuraho<\/strong>, dedicated to <strong>Vishnu <\/strong>and built in <strong>954 <\/strong>by the Chandela king Dhanga, is a Nagara style temple located on a high platform accessible by stairs. There are four smaller temples in the corners, and all the towers or shikharas rise high, upward in a curved pyramidal fashion, with a horizontal fluted disc called an<strong> amalak<\/strong> <strong>topped <\/strong>with a <strong>kalash<\/strong> or <strong>vase<\/strong>. These crowning elements are characteristic of Nagara temples of this period.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Kandariya Mahadeo temple<\/strong> at Khajuraho is the epitome of Nagara style temple architecture in Central India. In addition to its architectural features, Khajuraho&#8217;s temples are also famous for their <strong>extensive erotic sculptures<\/strong>, called <strong>mithun<\/strong> which depict the importance of erotic expression in human experience as part of a larger cosmic whole that includes spiritual pursuit.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Kandariya-Mahadev1.jpg\" alt=\"Kandariya Mahadeo Temple\" class=\"wp-image-8043 lazyload\" width=\"472\" height=\"185\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Kandariya-Mahadev1.jpg 765w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Kandariya-Mahadev1-585x229.jpg 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 472px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 472\/185;\" \/><figcaption>Kandariya Mahadeo Temple<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"West_India\"><\/span>West India&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Nagara style temples of West India can be found in the states of <strong>Gujarat <\/strong>and <strong>Rajasthan<\/strong>. One example of this style is the <strong>Sun Temple<\/strong> at <strong>Modhera<\/strong>, which was constructed by <strong>Raja Bhimdev I<\/strong> of the <strong>Solanki Dynasty<\/strong> in <strong>1026 <\/strong>and dates back to the early eleventh century. This temple exhibits the influence of Gujarat&#8217;s woodcarving tradition in its design and decorations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Sun-Temple19-1024x1002.jpg\" alt=\"Sun Temple, Modhera\" class=\"wp-image-8044 lazyload\" width=\"572\" height=\"560\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 572px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 572\/560;\" \/><figcaption>Sun Temple, Modhera<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"East_India\"><\/span>East India&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Eastern India is home to several Nagara-style temples found in the North-East, Bengal, and Odisha regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>Bengal<\/strong>, until the <strong>seventh century<\/strong>, <strong>terracotta <\/strong>was the main medium of construction, and plaques depicting Buddhist and Hindu deities were molded in this material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>Assam<\/strong>, <strong>evidence of Gupta style<\/strong> influence can be seen in a <strong>sixth-century<\/strong> sculpted door frame from <strong>DaParvatia<\/strong> and some stray sculptures from <strong>Rangagora Tea Estate<\/strong> near Tinsukia. The <strong>Ahom style<\/strong>, a result of the migration of the Tais from <strong>Upper Burma<\/strong> mixing with the dominant Pala style of Bengal, is seen in and around Guwahati, with <strong>Kamakhya temple<\/strong>, a Shakti Peeth, built in the seventeenth century.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/640px-Kamakhya_Guwahati.jpg\" alt=\"Kamakhya Temple\" class=\"wp-image-8045 lazyload\" width=\"585\" height=\"439\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/640px-Kamakhya_Guwahati.jpg 640w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/640px-Kamakhya_Guwahati-585x439.jpg 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 585px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 585\/439;\" \/><figcaption>Kamakhya Temple<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In <strong>Bengal<\/strong>, the <strong>Pala style<\/strong> is expressed in the temples and is exemplified in the Siddheshvara Mahadeva temple in Barakar, Burdwan District, which has a tall curving shikhara topped by a large amalaka, much like contemporary temples in Odisha. The Nagara temples in Odisha have a distinct sub-style, with their shikhara, called <strong>deul<\/strong>, being vertical until the top, where it sharply curves inward.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bangla2.jpg\" alt=\"Terracotta temple, Vishnupur\" class=\"wp-image-8046 lazyload\" width=\"490\" height=\"326\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bangla2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bangla2-585x390.jpg 585w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bangla2-263x175.jpg 263w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 490px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 490\/326;\" \/><figcaption>Terracotta temple, Vishnupur<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Konark is home to the magnificent ruins of the Surya or Sun temple built in stone around 1240, with a colossal shikhara said to have reached 70m. Other well-known Nagara temples in this region include the Muktesvara temple, Rajarani temple, Lingaraja temple, among others.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Hill_States_of_India\"><\/span>The Hill States of India&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A distinctive architectural style emerged in the hill regions of <strong>Kumaon<\/strong>, <strong>Garhwal<\/strong>, <strong>Himachal <\/strong>and <strong>Kashmir<\/strong>, influenced by both the Gupta and post-Gupta traditions imported from <strong>Sarnath<\/strong>, <strong>Mathura<\/strong>, <strong>Gujarat <\/strong>and <strong>Bengal<\/strong>. This resulted in the intermingling of Buddhist and Hindu traditions, which spread throughout the hills. Additionally, the hills had their own tradition of wooden buildings with pitched roofs. Consequently, in several places in the hills, the <strong>main garbhagriha<\/strong> and <strong>shikhara <\/strong>are built in a <strong>rekha-prasada<\/strong> or <strong>Latina style<\/strong>, while the mandapa is of an older form of <strong>wooden architecture<\/strong>. Sometimes, the temple takes on a pagoda shape. The <strong>Jageshwar <\/strong>and <strong>Champavat <\/strong>temples in Kumaon exemplify the Nagara architecture of the region. Kashmir&#8217;s proximity to important Gandhara sites also contributed to this unique form of architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vesara_style_of_temple_architecture\"><\/span>Vesara style of temple architecture&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Vesara style of temple architecture is a <strong>fusion<\/strong> of<strong> Nagara<\/strong> and <strong>Dravidian styles<\/strong>. Its name is believed to have originated from the Sanskrit word &#8220;<strong><em>vishra<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; meaning &#8220;<strong>an area to take a long walk<\/strong>&#8220;. Many historians agree that the Vesara style was developed in present-day Karnataka.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This style was <strong>initiated <\/strong>by the <strong>Chalukyas of Badami (500-753 AD) <\/strong>who constructed temples that combined the Nagara and Dravida styles. It was further developed and <strong>refined <\/strong>by the <strong>Rashtrakutas<\/strong> <strong>of Manyakheta<\/strong> (750-983 AD) in <strong>Ellora<\/strong>, <strong>Chalukyas of Kalyani<\/strong> (983-1195 AD) in <strong>Lakkundi<\/strong>, <strong>Dambal<\/strong>, <strong>Gadag <\/strong>and other places, and reached its peak during the <strong>Hoysala period (1000-1330 AD)<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Hoysala temples at <strong>Belur<\/strong>, <strong>Halebidu<\/strong>, and <strong>Somnathpura <\/strong>are outstanding examples of this style.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Halebidu-Temple-1024x720.webp\" alt=\"Halebidu Temple\" class=\"wp-image-8047 lazyload\" width=\"502\" height=\"353\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 502px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 502\/353;\" \/><figcaption>Halebidu Temple<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unique_features_of_Vesara_style_of_temple_architecture\"><\/span>Unique features of Vesara style of temple architecture&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ornamentation is a defining feature of Chalukyan temples, exhibiting indigenous qualities in the way they adorn the walls and pillars. The Chalukya builders transformed the Dravida tower by arranging each storey in descending order of height from base to top with much ornamentation in each storey and minimizing their height. The Nagara tower underwent a different transformation, with modifications to its vertical shape rather than the inclined storeys.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two distinct features of Chalukya temples are the <strong>mantapa <\/strong>and <strong>pillars<\/strong>. The <strong>mantapa <\/strong>has <strong>two types of roof<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>domical ceilings<\/strong>, which stand on four pillars and are very attractive, and <strong>square ceilings<\/strong>, which are vigorously ornamented with <strong>mythological pictures<\/strong>. The miniature decorative pillars of Chalukya temples hold their own artistic value.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notable temples built in this style include the <strong>Kallesvara temple<\/strong> in <strong>Kukkanur<\/strong>, the <strong>Ramalingesvara temple<\/strong> in <strong>Gudur<\/strong>, the<strong> Mahadeva temple<\/strong> in <strong>Ittagi<\/strong>, the <strong>Kasivisvesvara temple<\/strong> in <strong>Lakkundi<\/strong>, along with several other temples at Lakkundi, the <strong>Brahmadeva temple<\/strong> in <strong>Savadi <\/strong>&#8211; notable for being fully stellate, and the <strong>Mallikarjuna temple<\/strong> in <strong>Sudi <\/strong>(as well as the <strong>Joda-kalasha temple<\/strong>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Influence_of_Nagara_and_Dravidian_style_of_temple_architecture_on_the_style_of_Vesara\"><\/span>Influence of Nagara and Dravidian style of temple architecture on the style of Vesara&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>shrine plan<\/strong>, <strong>subsidiary shrine<\/strong>, and <strong>panchayatan style<\/strong> of <strong>Chalukya temples<\/strong> exhibit similarities with the Nagara School. Meanwhile, the plan of the vestibule that connects the sanctum to the mantapa is reminiscent of Odishan temples. Most of the temple pillars in the Karnataka region bear<strong> resemblance<\/strong> to the <strong>sekhari <\/strong>and <strong>bhumija types of pillars<\/strong> found in northern India. The <strong>stepped diamond plan<\/strong>, a design arrangement seen in Chalukya temples, is also from the northern region. The <strong>majority of temples<\/strong> in Kalyani feature Nagara articulation, projecting a stepped diamond or stellate plan. The <strong>Dravida influence<\/strong> is primarily visible in the <strong>vimana <\/strong>of <strong>Chalukya temples<\/strong> during the first part of their rule. The miniature decorative towers and wall ornamentation in Chalukya temples showcase a combination of both Nagara and Dravida styles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_the_significance_of_temple_architecture_in_India\"><\/span><strong>1. What is the significance of temple architecture in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Temple architecture in India is not just about the construction of places of worship but also serves as a reflection of the cultural, religious, and artistic heritage of the country. These structures often showcase intricate designs, symbolism, and historical narratives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_does_temple_architecture_in_South_India_differ_from_that_in_North_India\"><\/span><strong>2. How does temple architecture in South India differ from that in North India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: South Indian temple architecture is characterized by its distinct Dravidian style, featuring towering gopurams (entrance towers), intricate carvings, and a central sanctum sanctorum. In contrast, North Indian temple architecture typically follows the Nagara style, with a shikhara (spire) and a mandapa (hall).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_are_some_famous_examples_of_Lotus_Temple_architecture_in_India\"><\/span><strong>3. What are some famous examples of Lotus Temple architecture in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The most renowned Lotus Temple in India is the Bah\u00e1&#8217;\u00ed House of Worship in Delhi, which is shaped like a lotus flower and is open to people of all faiths. It is an architectural marvel, known for its innovative design and the use of white marble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_How_can_I_prepare_for_temple_architecture-related_questions_in_the_UPSC_exam\"><\/span><strong>4. How can I prepare for temple architecture-related questions in the UPSC exam?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: To prepare for questions related to temple architecture in the UPSC exam, it&#8217;s important to study the history of temple architecture, including key features, styles, and famous temples. Refer to standard textbooks, previous years&#8217; question papers, and online resources to enhance your knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_What_are_the_main_elements_of_traditional_Indian_temple_architecture\"><\/span><strong>5. What are the main elements of traditional Indian temple architecture?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Traditional Indian temple architecture typically includes key elements such as the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum), shikhara or vimana (tower), mandapa (hall), gopuram (entrance tower), sculpture and carvings depicting deities and mythological stories, and intricate ornamentation. These elements may vary in style and form across different regions of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources, <a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> <\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> <\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> <\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"For_Admissions_talk_to_our_Mentor_%E2%80%93_9811333901_9811333782\"><\/span>For Admissions, talk to our Mentor &#8211; 9811333901, 9811333782<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Temple architecture is a manifestation of profound cultural and religious expression, reflecting the beliefs and values of diverse societies throughout history.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":8048,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[214,885,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-8035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-cse-notes","tag-indian-heritage-and-culture","tag-temple-architecture","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8035"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22779,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8035\/revisions\/22779"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}