In the Indian Constitution, provisions regarding the Union Public Service Commissions are found in Article XIV. There exists a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for the States. The UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) serves as the central recruitment agency in India. Established directly by the Constitution of India, the UPSC is an independent constitutional body, consisting of a Chairman and other members appointed by the President of India. Typically, the commission comprises nine to eleven members, including the Chairman, with half of them having held office for at least ten years under the Government of India or a State.
The President, empowered by the Constitution, determines the conditions of service for the Chairman and other commission members. These members, including the Chairman, hold office for a term of six years or until they reach the age of 65. Removal before the term’s expiry can occur as per the Constitution’s provisions.
The UPSC undertakes various functions, including:
- Conducting exams for the All-India Services, Central Services, and Public Services of centrally administered territories.
- Assisting States in formulating and operating joint recruitment schemes for services requiring special qualifications.
- Serving the state’s interests upon the request of the State Governor and with the President of India’s approval.
- Offering consultations on matters such as the reimbursement of legal expenses for civil servants defending proceedings against them, temporary appointments exceeding one year, regularization of appointments, personnel management, etc.
The recommendations made by the UPSC are advisory in nature and are not binding on the government. The government, however, is accountable to Parliament for deviating from the commission’s recommendations, providing the sole safeguard in this regard.
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