The S-400 air defense system is technically superior due to its multifunction radar, long-range capabilities, and advanced missile technology. It integrates multiple missile types, providing versatility against various threats. Its ability to track and engage multiple targets simultaneously enhances its effectiveness, making it one of the world’s most formidable air defense systems.
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UPSC Mains Civil Services IAS Exam Question Paper – 2021
Approach
- Start with a brief introduction of the S-400 air defence system.
- Discuss how the S-400 air defence system is technically superior to any other system presently available in the world.
- Conclude accordingly.
Answer
Introduction
- India is currently in negotiations with Russia for the acquisition of five S-400 Triumf missile systems. Developed by Russia, the S-400 Triumf is a highly advanced mobile surface-to-air missile system (SAM). Renowned as the most formidable long-range SAM currently deployed globally, it surpasses the US-developed Terminal High Altitude Area Defence system (THAAD) in terms of capabilities.
Body
The S-400 air defence system is technically superior to any other system in the world: The S-400 Triumf stands out from other air defence systems due to several key factors:
- Versatility: The S-400 can simultaneously track and engage a wide range of threats, including aircraft, missiles, and UAVs. Its multi-functionality and capability to neutralise different types of objects make it highly versatile in various combat scenarios.
- Layered Air Defense: The S-400’s multiple missile types and varying ranges (40 km, 120 km, 250 km, and 400 km) create a layered air defence net. This layered approach provides enhanced protection against different types of threats, allowing for effective defence at varying altitudes and distances.
- Superior Range and Altitude: With a maximum range of 400 km and the ability to engage targets at altitudes of up to 30 km, the S-400 surpasses many other air defence systems in terms of reach and coverage. This extended range and altitude capability enable it to detect and intercept threats at greater distances and higher altitudes.
- Multi-Dimensional Capability: Unlike some other systems like THAAD, the S-400 is not limited to one-dimensional defence. It can engage both ballistic missiles and aircraft, providing a comprehensive air defence capability. This multi-dimensional feature gives it a broader scope and effectiveness in countering a variety of threats.
- Rapid Deployment: The deployment time of the S-400 system is relatively short, at just 5 minutes, compared to other systems like the Patriot, which takes around 25 minutes. This quick deployment capability allows for faster response and flexibility in rapidly changing operational situations.
- Enhanced Target Speed: The S-400 has a maximum target speed of 4.8 km/sec, which is significantly higher than that of systems like the Patriot, which has a maximum target speed of 1.38 km/sec. This enhanced target speed capability enables the S-400 to effectively intercept faster-moving threats, such as advanced fighter jets or hypersonic missiles.
Conclusion
- Hence, The acquisition of the S-400 Triumf missile system by India, despite facing criticism from the US under the CAATSA agreement, was a decision driven by the necessity to enhance its defence capabilities and ensure national security in the face of volatile regional dynamics. With India’s strategic location and the presence of potential threats from neighbouring countries, the purchase of the S-400 became inevitable.
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