The problem of communalism in India is serious and could have big consequences. So, we need both convincing and strict actions to stop it from spreading.
| Short Term Measures | Long Term Measures |
| Building solidarity and assimilation of various religious groups at different levels in society- workplace, neighborhood etc. by fostering a secular culture eg. celebrating each other’s religious festivals. | Stern laws should be framed by the Parliament against communal violence. The weaknesses of laws have resulted in the escape of politicians and other influential persons who have openly indulged in inciting communal violence. |
| Swift and prompt response to radicalization by a militant group on social media through police action, counselling sessions for those radicalized especially adolescents etc. | The CBI or a special investigative body should investigate communal riots within a stipulated time frame. Further, special courts should hear such cases for quick delivery of justice to victims. |
| Ensuring that political parties refrain from using religion, religious ideologies in order to garner votes through strict vigilance by institutional mechanisms such as the Election Commission, media, civil society etc. | Police and other bodies upholding law and order should be held accountable as sometimes the police bow down to pressure from politicians and remain inactive during communal violence and in the course of its follow up eg. while filing FIRs, arresting the accused, producing charge sheets etc. Thus, legal reforms must be introduced which hold them accountable for swift action. |
| Instances of an inter-religious marriage of two consenting adults should not be construed as “love jihad issue” and highlighted in the media. Thus, media persons should be sensitized regarding the issue. | Pluralistic settlement where members of different communities live together should be encouraged by removing existing barriers as religious segregation strengthens communal identities and reinforces negative stereotypes of other religious groups. Eg. taking action during instances of intolerance where Muslims, Dalits, North-Eastern citizens etc. are denied housing owing to their identities. Sachar Committee report on the status of Indian Muslims recommended the creation of an Equal Opportunities Commission to deal with complaints of intolerance and exclusion. |
| Mobs leading communal riots should be controlled and strict action should be taken against them as a combative measure. | Secular education should be taught in all educational institutions, which will lead to development of harmony and co-operation among members of different communities. |
| Religious heads can play an important role in dissemination of ideas of diversity of religion,ideas, etc. which can help in spreading peace among different communities. | History education should be de-communalized as the present categorization of Indian history into ancient, medieval and modern has contributed to communal thinking as it has effectively divided history into the Hindu period, Muslim period and Christian period respectively. This has given rise to notions that India was a Hindu country which was ‘invaded’ by Muslims and Christians. |
| The government should not ban minority practices in order to appease the majority group.E.g. the state should not show a preference for vegetarianism. | Increased employment opportunities for minorities can lead to decrease in communal discord. Thus, there should be focus on skilling members of minority communities through various programmes and initiatives. |
| Media, movies and other influential instruments should be used in promoting religious harmony and peace. The rise of Social Media and real time dissemination of fake news should also be dealt with in a time bound manner. | Uniform Civil Code should be formulated and implemented with the consensus of all religious communities so that there is uniformity in personal laws. |
FAQs
1. What is communalism, and why is it a problem?
Communalism refers to the division of society along religious or ethnic lines, often leading to tensions, conflicts, and even violence between different communities. It undermines social harmony, national unity, and the principles of secularism. Communalism can hinder the progress and development of a nation by fostering mistrust and animosity among its citizens.
2. What measures can be taken to address communalism?
a. Promotion of Secular Education: Education plays a pivotal role in fostering tolerance and understanding among diverse communities. Promoting secular education that emphasizes common values, respect for diversity, and critical thinking can help combat communalism.
b. Strict Legal Measures: Enforcing strict laws against hate speech, incitement to violence, and discrimination based on religion or ethnicity is essential. Legal mechanisms should ensure prompt and fair justice to victims of communal violence, thus deterring future occurrences.
c. Community Engagement and Dialogue: Initiating dialogues and fostering interactions among different communities can promote understanding, empathy, and mutual respect. Community-based initiatives, such as interfaith dialogues and cultural exchanges, can help bridge gaps and dispel stereotypes.
d. Political Accountability: Political leaders and parties should be held accountable for their actions and rhetoric that fuel communal tensions. Encouraging political discourse based on inclusive policies rather than divisive agendas is crucial in curbing communalism.
e. Economic Empowerment: Socio-economic disparities often exacerbate communal tensions. Implementing policies that promote economic empowerment, equal opportunities, and inclusive development can mitigate grievances that fuel communalism.
3. How can media contribute to combating communalism?
The media plays a significant role in shaping public perceptions and attitudes. Responsible journalism that avoids sensationalism and biases can contribute to fostering inter-community understanding and harmony. Media outlets should strive to provide balanced and accurate coverage, highlighting stories of unity and cooperation among diverse communities.
4. What role can civil society organizations play in addressing communalism?
Civil society organizations (CSOs) can serve as catalysts for promoting communal harmony and peace-building initiatives. They can organize grassroots campaigns, workshops, and educational programs aimed at fostering interfaith dialogue, conflict resolution, and tolerance. CSOs also play a vital role in monitoring human rights violations and advocating for justice and accountability.
5. How can individuals contribute to combating communalism in their communities?
Individuals can make a difference by promoting tolerance, empathy, and respect for diversity in their everyday interactions. Engaging in constructive dialogues, challenging prejudices, and standing up against discrimination can help create a more inclusive and harmonious society. Additionally, volunteering for community service projects that bring together people from different backgrounds can foster a sense of solidarity and unity.
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