Embarking on the challenging journey of preparing for the UPSC mains examination requires a comprehensive understanding of the chosen optional subject. For aspirants who have opted for Political Science and International Relations (PSIR), a critical component of their preparation is delving into the wealth of past years’ questions. In this blog series, we will unravel the intricacies of the PSIR optional paper by meticulously analyzing the previous year’s questions from 2013 to 2023, with a specific focus on the International Relations segment. By dissecting the trends, patterns, and evolving themes in these questions, aspirants can gain valuable insights into the UPSC examiner’s mindset. This exploration aims to equip candidates with the knowledge and strategic understanding necessary to navigate the PSIR optional paper successfully.
The study of International Relations within the PSIR syllabus is a dynamic field that reflects the ever-changing global landscape. As we delve into the past decade’s questions, we will uncover the evolution of international relations concepts tested by the UPSC. From diplomatic intricacies to geopolitical shifts, each question serves as a key to unlocking the broader understanding required for this optional subject. By unraveling the nuances within these questions, aspirants can develop a nuanced perspective on global affairs, ensuring they are well-prepared to tackle any challenges the UPSC mains may present. So, join us on this insightful journey through the PSIR optional topic-wise previous year questions, as we decode the intricacies of international relations and pave the way for success in the UPSC mains examination.
Study of International Relations – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains PSIR Optional)
Realist
1. Examine the main assumptions of the Realist theory. (1991)
2. “Realism as an approach to international relations helps to explain why states fight are threaten each other, but it is less effective in explaining much of the cooperative behaviour we see … ” Comment. (1996)
3. Comment: Traditional approach and its significance. (2003)
4. Clearly explain Realist Theory to the study of International Politics. (2003)
5. Discuss the realist and neo-realist approaches in the study of International relations. (2008)
6. Examine the post- modernist critique of Realism in international politics. (2010)
7. What are the great debates between ‘classical’ and ‘modern’ realists? Is there any thin line of continuity between these two traditions? (250 words) (2012)
8. Examine major principles of State centric world views. (200 words) (2013)
9. Write a note on Intellectual precursors of Realism. (200 words) (2013)
10. Identify the major differences between the classical realism of Hans J. Morgenthau and the neorealism of Kenneth Waltz. Which approach is best suited for analysing international relations after the Cold War? (2015)
11. Is Realist Approach the best method to understand International Relations? Examine this in the context of Classical Realism. (2017)
12. Bring out the major differences between the Classical Realism of Hans Morgenthau and the Neorealism of Kenneth Waltz. (2018)
13. Discuss the emergence of neo-realism and its basic tenets. (2021)
14. Discuss the main limitationa of the comparative method to the study of Political Science.(2022)
Marxist
1. Comment: Marxist approach to international politics. (2002)
2. Do you agree with the notion that Marxist approach to the study of International relations is largely based on economic reductionism? Give reasons. (2008)
3. Does the perspective of Dependency Theory offer a robust critique on the nature of mainstream development process taking place in Africa and Latin America? (2012)
4. How does Marxist approach explain contemporary International Relations? (200 words) (2013)
5. Explain the relevance of the Marxist approach in the context of globalization. (2019)
6. “Marxist approach to the study of international relations has lost its relevance in the post- cold war era.” Comment. (150 words) (2021)
7. Discuss the commonalities between the Marxist and Realist approach to the study of International Politics.(2022)
Game Theory
1. Comment: Game Theory for the study of International Politics and its limitations. (2005)
Decision-Making Theory
1. Discuss, with illustrations, the way decision making is influenced by the external and internal environment as perceived by the decision maker. (1994)
2. “The decision-making is only a partial theory of international politics.” Critically examine the above statement. (1999)
3. Analyse and evaluate the role of decision-making theory as a tool of foreign policy analysis. (2006)
Functionalist and Systems Theory
1. Examine the explanatory potential of Kaplan’s systems theory in explaining the phenomenon of international politics in the present context. (1998)
2. Discuss the Systems Approach to the Study of International Relations. (2004)
3. Explain the use of systems approach in international relations and examine the relevance of Kaplan’s system analysis. (2011)
4. ‘Building ‘peace by pieces’ is the basis of functionalism’. Elaborate. (2013)
5. “Morton A. Kaplan’s system theory is contrary to the fundamental precepts of systems approach.” Comment. (2014)
6. Critically examine the functional and system approaches to the study of international relations. (2016)
7. Examine the World Systems Approach as developed by Immanuel Wallerstein. (2017)
8. Critically examine the Functionalist approach to the study of International Relations. (2018)
Theories of Imperialism/Colonialism/Neo-colonialism/Liberalism/Idealism
1. Comment: Neo-colonialism. (1991)
2. Comment: Cultural Imperialism. (1993)
3. “The traditional principle of sovereignty which plays a central role in the foreign policies of all states, is now increasingly counteracted by the growing facts of interdependence…” Discuss. (1995)
4. Comment: Cultural Imperialism. (1997)
5. Comment: Neo-Colonialism. (1998)
6. What are the major critiques of liberal internationalism? (2009)
7. Do you agree that liberal international theories are essentially ‘Eurocentric’ and not necessarily imperialist? (150 words) (2012)
8. Discuss the main factors that have contributed to the gradual transformation of the world from ‘Billiard Ball Model’ to ‘Cobweb Model’. (2014)
9. What, according to Joseph Nye, are the major sources of a country’s soft power? Discuss its relevance in the contemporary world politics. (2018)
10. What are the core assumptions of idealism as an approach to study International Relations? Explain its continuing releance in peace building. (2020)
11. “The post-colonial state was thought of an entity that stood outside and above society as an autonomous agency.” Explain. (2021)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Why is the study of International Relations important?
Understanding International Relations is crucial as it provides insights into the complex interactions between countries, shaping global politics, economics, and security. It helps individuals comprehend the dynamics of international cooperation and conflict, fostering a more informed and nuanced perspective on world affairs.
Q: What are the key theories in the study of International Relations?
Several theories guide the study of International Relations, including realism, liberalism, constructivism, and more. Realism emphasizes power dynamics, liberalism focuses on cooperation and institutions, and constructivism explores the role of ideas and identity. Familiarity with these theories is essential for analyzing and interpreting global events.
Q: How does the study of International Relations contribute to a career in diplomacy?
A strong foundation in International Relations is fundamental for a career in diplomacy. It equips individuals with the knowledge to navigate complex international negotiations, understand cultural nuances, and address global challenges. The insights gained from the study of International Relations are invaluable for diplomats seeking to represent their countries effectively on the world stage.
Q: What role does globalization play in International Relations?
Globalization, the interconnectedness of economies, societies, and cultures, is a central theme in International Relations. It influences diplomacy, trade, and communication, shaping the way countries interact. Studying International Relations helps individuals comprehend the impact of globalization on international dynamics and fosters adaptability in a rapidly changing global landscape.
Q: How can one stay updated on current events in International Relations?
Staying informed about current events is essential for anyone studying International Relations. Reading reputable international news sources, subscribing to academic journals, and following global think tanks can help individuals stay abreast of the latest developments. Additionally, participating in discussions, forums, and conferences provides opportunities to engage with diverse perspectives and deepen one’s understanding of international issues.
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