The realm of international relations, particularly when intertwined with the complex landscape of nuclear politics, has been a perennial focal point in the UPSC mains examination. Aspirants navigating the intricate web of the Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) optional paper often find themselves delving into the historical context, contemporary challenges, and future prospects of India’s nuclear policy. In this blog series, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of the UPSC PSIR optional topic – “India and the Nuclear Question (2013-2023).” This journey will not only dissect the nuanced dynamics of India’s nuclear posture but also shed light on the evolution of questions posed by the UPSC over the past decade. By dissecting the previous year questions, we aim to provide aspiring civil servants with a strategic understanding of the key themes and issues surrounding India’s nuclear diplomacy, thereby equipping them with the knowledge and analytical skills necessary for success in the UPSC mains examination.
From the global power dynamics to regional security concerns, the nuclear question has been a touchstone for India’s foreign policy architects. The upcoming paragraphs will unravel the intricate threads of this critical subject, offering insights into the historical milestones, policy shifts, and the geopolitical chessboard that shapes India’s stance on nuclear matters. As we journey through the years 2013 to 2023, we will navigate the shifting tides of international relations, assessing how India has navigated the challenges posed by its nuclear ambitions and responsibilities. By immersing ourselves in the past decade’s UPSC mains questions, we not only decipher the examiner’s expectations but also empower aspirants to craft articulate and informed responses, fostering a deeper understanding of India’s role in the global nuclear landscape. So, buckle up for a riveting exploration of the PSIR optional topic that lies at the intersection of national security, diplomacy, and the ever-persistent nuclear question.
India and the Nuclear Question – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains PSIR Optional)
Changing perceptions and policy.
1. Comment: Impact on nuclear weapons on international relations. (1991)
2. Comment: NPT safeguards and Non-Nuclear Weapon States. (1993)
3. Non-proliferation has now acquired the status of a vested interest with the nuclear weapon states which, in the name of political stability, are trying to perpetuate a global order which will preserve their hegemonic position. Discuss. (1994)
4. Examine the issues raised in the context of renewal of NIT both by its advocates and its critics. (1995)
5. Explain the differences between India and USA on the question of CTBT. Why has India decided to link CTBT with the elimination of nuclear weapon? (1996)
6. Comment: China and Nuclear Weapons. (1997)
7. Comment: Uses of nuclear energy. (1998)
8. Analyse the barriers to arms control. (1998)
9. Comment: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. (1999)
10. Comment: Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNE) (2000)
11. Comment: India’s opposition to the Non-Proliferation Treaty: A realist paradigm. (2001)
12. Explain India’s role in global disarmament. (2001)
13. Critically examine India’s objections to CTBT and NPT. (2002)
14. Assess the merits of India’s case against signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. (2003)
15. Comment: India’s claim for acceptance as a nuclear power. (2005)
16. Give arguments in defence of India’s approach to Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).(2006)
17. In the context of developments on the nuclear weapons front in the neighbourhood, do you think that any change in India’s defence strategy is indicated? (2009)
18. “While India opposes NPT as discriminatory, it opposes CTBT on the ground of ineffectiveness.” Comment. (2011)
19. Is India’s nuclear doctrine a viable one? (150 words) (2013)
20. Discuss the grounds for India’s opposition to NPT. (2014)
21. In 1998, India declared itself as a nuclear weapon state. India refuses to sign NPT and CTBT. What would be the implications for India’s nuclear policy in case it signs both the treaties? (2015)
22. Critically analyze India’s nuclear policy. (2016)
23. Explain the socio-economic impacts of arms race and identify the obstacles In the way of disarmament. (2016)
24. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has failed to achieve the ultimate objective of Global Nuclear Disarmament. Discuss the deficiency in the provision of NPT. (2017)
25. Given the recent developments in the region, do you think that there is a need to change India’s ‘No First Use (NFU)’ nuclear policy? (2019)
26. Discuss the efficacy of India’s ‘no first use’ policy (nuclear weapons) in the context of the evolving strategic challenges from its neighbours. (2020)
27. Examine the evolution of India’s role in the global nuclear order. (2021)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the historical context of India’s nuclear policy?
India’s nuclear journey is rooted in its post-independence era, marked by the 1974 Pokhran-I nuclear test. Understanding the historical context involves tracing India’s nuclear policy evolution, examining its motivations, and considering the global reactions to its nuclear pursuits.
Q: How does India balance its nuclear aspirations with global non-proliferation norms?
India, while not a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), has aimed to reconcile its nuclear ambitions with global non-proliferation norms. Exploring the mechanisms and diplomatic strategies employed by India in this regard provides insights into its quest for international acceptance while safeguarding its security interests.
Q: What are the key features of India’s nuclear doctrine?
India’s nuclear doctrine outlines its policy on nuclear weapons development, deployment, and use. Examining the key tenets, such as the ‘No First Use’ policy and credible minimum deterrence, provides a comprehensive understanding of how India envisions the role of nuclear weapons in its national security strategy.
Q: How has India navigated regional security challenges in the context of its nuclear capabilities?
India’s nuclear capabilities have significant implications for regional security dynamics. Analyzing India’s approach to neighboring countries, particularly in South Asia, sheds light on the challenges and opportunities presented by its nuclear arsenal and its impact on regional stability.
Q: What role does nuclear diplomacy play in India’s foreign policy?
Nuclear diplomacy has become a crucial component of India’s foreign policy toolkit. Understanding how India engages with major global players and institutions on nuclear matters, as well as its participation in forums like the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), provides insights into the intersection of national security and international relations.
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