In the realm of UPSC Mains examinations, Anthropology has emerged as a subject of immense significance, delving deep into the understanding of human societies, cultures, and evolution. One intriguing facet within the Anthropology optional syllabus is the exploration of genetic polymorphism and selection. The concept of genetic polymorphism examines the diversity of genetic traits within a population, unraveling the intricate variations that contribute to the complexity of human biology. Simultaneously, the notion of selection probes into the forces that govern the survival and reproduction of specific traits over time. These themes not only provide a profound insight into the biological underpinnings of human evolution but also open up avenues to comprehend the adaptive strategies that have shaped our species throughout history.
For UPSC aspirants opting for Anthropology as their optional subject, a comprehensive understanding of genetic polymorphism and selection is paramount. This blog series aims to serve as a valuable resource by dissecting and analyzing previous year questions on this intriguing topic from 2013 to 2023. By navigating through these questions, aspirants can gain a nuanced perspective on the varied dimensions that the UPSC has explored over the years. From the principles of genetic diversity to the mechanisms of natural and sexual selection, this series promises to be a guiding light for those preparing to tackle the Anthropology optional paper in the UPSC Mains examination. Join us on this intellectual journey as we unravel the intricacies of genetic polymorphism and selection, providing a holistic approach to mastering this crucial aspect of Anthropology.
Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Anthropology Optional)
Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency – mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and nonconsanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages
1. ‘Inbreeding is not necessarily deleterious in effect.’ Comment (200 words) (1981)
2. Discuss the role of genetic drift, mutation and migration as the causes of variation. (1985)
3. What are the various forms of preferential mating? Explain with Indian examples. (1986)
4. Is inbreeding different from consanguinity? Give an account of inbreeding studies in India and comment on their social relevance. (1987)
5. Write a note on Inbreeding and hybridization. (1988)
6. Write a note on Inbreeding and crossbreeding (1993)
7. Discuss the concepts of balanced polymorphism and relaxed selection with special reference to Malaria dependent polymorphisms in man. (1996)
8. Discuss the concept of ‘Mendelian population’ and its application in the study of anthropo-genetic variations in India. (1997)
9. Write a note on Mutation (1998)
10. Define Hardy-Weinberg law and state briefly how Hardy-Weinberg law is applicable in population human genetics. (1998)
11. Write a note on Genetic Adaptation (2000)
12. Write a note on Genetic Polymorphism and Selection (2003)
13. Describe in brief the major causes of change in gene frequency of a population. (2003)
14. Write a note on Problems of Inbreeding. (2005)
15. Write a note on Genetic Polymorphism (2006)
16. Write a note on Inbreeding (2008)
17. What do you understand by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Discuss the factors that produce and redistribute variations. (2008)
18. Write a note on Natural selection in humans (2009)
19. Write a note on the Anthropological relevance of population genetics (2009)
20. What is ‘genetic load’ & what factors influence it ? (2009)
21. What is Balanced Genetic Polymorphism? How is it maintained in a population? (2010)
22. Write a note in 150 words on Conditions necessary for the operation of Hardy. Weinberg Law (2011)
23. Write a note in 150 words on Genetic polymorphism (2011)
24. Write a note in 150 words on How ‘natural selection’ acts on variation? (2012)
25. What are the genetic effects of consanguinity? Give examples (2012)
26. What do you understand by ‘Genetic Load’ in a population? How is it measured and what are the important factors that can influence it? (250 words) (2013)
27. Discuss the factors affecting gene frequencies among human populations (2014)
28. Define genetic polymorphism. Give details of its types with suitable examples. (2015)
29. What do you understand by Immunogenetics? Explain with suitable examples. (2015)
30. Write a note in 150 words on Hardy-Weinberg Law (2017)
31. Differentiate between transient and balanced genetic polymorphism. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations. (2019)
32. Write notes on the Genetic drift in about 150 words. (2020)
33. How do marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations? (2020)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is genetic polymorphism in the context of Anthropology?
A: Genetic polymorphism refers to the occurrence of multiple forms of a gene within a population. In Anthropology, this concept delves into the diversity of genetic traits among individuals. FAQs on genetic polymorphism might explore the significance of this diversity, its implications for human evolution, and its role in shaping the genetic landscape of populations.
Q: How does natural selection influence genetic polymorphism in human populations?
A: Understanding the interplay between genetic polymorphism and natural selection is crucial for Anthropology aspirants. This FAQ could delve into the mechanisms through which natural selection acts on genetic variation, influencing the prevalence of specific traits and ultimately contributing to the adaptation and survival of a population.
Q: What role does sexual selection play in the context of genetic polymorphism?
A: Sexual selection is another intriguing aspect of genetic diversity. Questions in this category could explore how mate choice and competition for mates contribute to the maintenance or evolution of certain traits. Aspirants might find it beneficial to unravel the complexities of sexual selection in the context of genetic polymorphism.
Q: Can you provide examples of genetic polymorphism in human populations and its adaptive significance?
A: This question could encourage aspirants to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. By examining specific examples of genetic polymorphism in different populations, candidates can gain a practical understanding of how these variations contribute to adaptation, survival, and the overall dynamics of human evolution.
Q: How has the understanding of genetic polymorphism evolved in Anthropology from 2013 to 2023 according to UPSC exam trends?
A: Given the dynamic nature of scientific knowledge, this FAQ could explore the changes and developments in the UPSC questions related to genetic polymorphism and selection over the past decade. Analyzing these trends could help aspirants anticipate the focus areas and prepare comprehensively for the Anthropology optional paper in the UPSC Mains examination.
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