Embarking on the challenging journey of UPSC Mains preparation demands a comprehensive understanding of optional subjects, and one such intriguing choice is Anthropology. Among the various dimensions explored within Anthropology, the study of Religion holds a distinctive position. Aspirants often find themselves delving into the intricate tapestry of human beliefs, practices, and cultural expressions. To aid in this exploration, we’ve compiled a detailed analysis of previous year questions from 2013 to 2023 specifically focused on the Religion section of Anthropology optional. This blog series aims to unravel the evolving patterns, key themes, and essential topics that have been recurrent in UPSC examinations, offering a strategic perspective for aspirants gearing up for the coveted civil services examination.
Navigating the landscape of Anthropology optional can be a daunting task, but a focused study of past questions provides a roadmap for aspirants. By zeroing in on the Religion segment, candidates can gain valuable insights into the examiner’s expectations, helping them tailor their preparation to meet the specific demands of the UPSC Mains. Join us on this intellectual journey as we dissect the nuances of Anthropology optional questions in the realm of Religion, spanning a decade of examinations, and equip yourself with the knowledge and skills necessary to tackle this section with confidence and precision.
Religion – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Anthropology Optional)
Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest, shaman,medicine man, sorcerer and witch)
1. “Nature Totemism continuities is a religion .” Substantiate based on.man (200- words) (1981)
2. Discuss the theories of origins of religion. Which one appears to be most adequate? (1982)
3. Distinguish between : Animism and animatism.(1984)
4. How do you explain the origin and evolution of religion ? How does religion continue to function in human society ? (1985)
5. Write a note on differences between primitive religion and world religion. (1986)
6. Distinguish between religion and magic. Critically examine the different theories of religion and comment on their relevance today.(1987)
7. What do you mean by totemism ? Discuss the role of totemism in the tribal life of India. (1989)
8. Describe the origin of religion. Distinguish between religion and magic.(1990)
9. What is religion ? Discuss Taylor’s theory of origin of religion. (1991)
10. Write a note on Religion and Magic (1992)
11. What is Taboo. Discuss the Significance of Taboo in primitive societies. (1992)
12. Highlight the significance of religious practices in Tribal Communities of India. (1993)
13. Describe the role of totemism in primitive religion, according to Durkheim. (1994)
14. Why have religion and magic become stable features of a society ? What role do the religious functionaries play in simple and non-literate societies ? (1996)
15. Write a note on Witchcraft and sorcery (1998)
16. Discuss some of the characteristic features of tribal religions in India and state how far have they changed in recent times. (1999)
17. Distinguish between magic and religion. Give suitable examples. (2004)
18. “Witchcraft accusation is the result of strained interpersonal relations.” Explain. (2005)
19. Discuss Anthropological approaches to the study of Religion. (2006)
20. Write a note on Shamanism (2007)
21. How do anthropologists define Religion? Describe various forms of religion with suitable examples. (2007)
22. Explain various anthropological approaches to study religion. (2011)
23. Distinguish between Religion, Magic and Science. (2012)
24. Write a note in 150 words on Totemism (2013)
25. How does taboo serve as a means of social control ? (250 words) (2013)
26. What is understood by ‘Rites of Passage’ ? Describe the various phases of the ‘Rites of Passage’ and their significance.(2014)
27. How do you relate the concepts of ‘Sacred’ and ‘Profane’ in Durkheim’s theory of religion with a focus on the role of totem? (2015)
28. Write a note in 150 words on Totemism.(2016)
29. Critically different Anthropological approaches to religion. (2016)
30. Write a note in 150 words on Difference between religion and magic. (2017)
31. Discuss the different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies. (2017)
32. Write a note in 150 words on Difference between Science and Magic (2018)
33. Critically explain the anthropological approaches to religion. (2019)
34. Write notes on Animism and Deep Ecology in about 150 words. (2021)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the significance of studying religion in Anthropology?
A: Understanding religion is crucial in Anthropology as it provides insights into the diverse ways cultures express their beliefs, values, and social structures. Examining religious practices helps anthropologists unravel the complexities of human societies, shedding light on the role of spirituality in shaping cultural norms and individual behaviors.
Q: How does Anthropology approach the study of religious rituals and ceremonies?
A: Anthropologists employ a holistic approach when studying religious rituals and ceremonies. They analyze not only the symbolic meanings but also the social, economic, and political contexts in which these rituals occur. This comprehensive perspective allows researchers to decipher the multifaceted role of religious practices in shaping both individual and collective identities.
Q: What are the key theoretical frameworks used in Anthropology to analyze religion?
A: Anthropology employs various theoretical frameworks to analyze religion, including functionalism, structuralism, and symbolic anthropology. Functionalism explores how religion serves societal functions, structuralism focuses on the underlying structures of religious beliefs, and symbolic anthropology delves into the meanings and symbols embedded in religious practices.
Q: How does the study of religion contribute to intercultural understanding?
A: The study of religion in Anthropology promotes intercultural understanding by highlighting the diversity of belief systems worldwide. It encourages individuals to appreciate and respect different perspectives, fostering a more inclusive and tolerant global society. Anthropological insights into religious practices help bridge cultural gaps and contribute to peaceful coexistence.
Q: Can the study of religion in Anthropology help address contemporary social issues?
A: Yes, the study of religion in Anthropology is relevant to addressing contemporary social issues. By examining how religious beliefs intersect with issues such as gender, ethnicity, and conflict, anthropologists contribute valuable perspectives to discussions on social justice and human rights. This knowledge aids in developing nuanced approaches to resolving societal challenges in a culturally sensitive manner.
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