Let’s delve into the fascinating realm of Anthropology, specifically focusing on the UPSC Mains examination’s Anthropology Optional Topic – “The Nature of Culture.” Over the past decade, the UPSC Mains has been a rigorous testing ground for aspirants, and understanding the nuances of culture has been a pivotal aspect of the Anthropology paper. In this blog series, we’ll embark on a journey through the years 2013 to 2023, meticulously dissecting and analyzing the previous year questions related to ‘The Nature of Culture.’ By revisiting these questions, we aim to unravel the patterns, key concepts, and evolving trends that have shaped this significant dimension of Anthropological studies. Whether you are an aspiring civil servant or an Anthropology enthusiast, join us in unraveling the rich tapestry of human culture as we reflect on a decade’s worth of challenging and thought-provoking questions.
This series not only serves as a comprehensive guide for UPSC Anthropology Optional aspirants but also offers a broader understanding of how the examination evaluates candidates’ insights into the dynamic nature of culture. Through this journey, we’ll navigate the intellectual landscapes of various civilizations, societies, and their diverse cultural expressions, ultimately aiming to equip you with the knowledge and analytical skills needed to tackle any question that may come your way in the UPSC Mains examination. Let’s celebrate the anniversary by delving into the intellectual challenges posed by the evolving nature of human culture as examined by the UPSC over the past ten years.
The Nature of Culture – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Anthropology Optional)
The concept a characteristic of culture and Civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis Cultural Relativism
1. Indicate the implications of culture relativism for applied Anthropology. (200 words) (1981)
2. All cultures are hybrid. Substantiate. (1982)
3. Civilization is a special development of culture. Elaborate. (1983)
4. What is cultural relativism ? Evaluate its importance for the development of comparative method in social anthropology. (1984)
5. Write a note on Cultural relativism (1987)
6. How does culture differ from civilization? Describe the attributes of culture. (1987)
7. What do you understand by ‘norms and values’ ? Discuss their anthropological perspective and relevance in the context of contemporary times. . (1988)
8. Write a note on Culture as Construct or Reality. (1989)
9. What do you understand by ‘norms and values’ ? Discuss their anthropological perspective and relevance in contemporary times. (1990)
10. Write a note on Culture and civilization (1991)
11. What do you understand by ‘norms and values. Write briefly on cultural relativism. (1992)
12. Write a note on Norms and Values (1993)
13. Write a note on Cultural relativism (1995)
14. What is cultural change ? How did the Austro-German school put up the scheme of cultural change ? (1995)
15. Write a note on Acculturation and contra-acculturation (1997)
16. Elucidate the various concepts of social and cultural changes indicating the specific problems involved in the change process. (1997)
17. What do you understand by cultural relativistic approach and ethnocentric approach in the study of culture ? Discuss the logical premises of cultural relativist approach. (1997)
18. Write a note on Pattern of culture. (1998)
19. Write a note on Superorganic view of culture (1998)
20. Write a note on Culture trait and Culture complex (1999)
21. Write a note on Culture Area & Age Area (2000)
22. “Components of culture are vast and varied.” Explain this statement. (2002)
23. Write a note on Cultural Materialism. (2003)
24. Write a note in 150 words on Cultural; relativism and subseqent violation on human rights (2010)
25. What stage is known as the incipient stage of food production ? Point out major features of this cultural stage. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from a specific area in the old world. (2010)
26. Bring out the distinguishing features of culture and civilization. (250 words) (2013)
27. Why has the concept of Cultural Relativism been so dear to anthropologists ? (250 words) (2013)
28. Is culture unique to human beings ? Critically examine. (2014)
29. Write a note in 150 words on Cultural Relativism (2016)
30. Discuss the development of the concept of culture in Anthropology. (2017)
31. Write a note in 150 words on Cultural Relativism.(2019)
32. Write notes on Human rights and Cultural relativism in about 150 words. (2020)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the significance of understanding the nature of culture in Anthropology?
A: Understanding the nature of culture is fundamental in Anthropology as it allows scholars to explore the intricacies of human societies. Culture shapes behaviors, beliefs, and practices, providing a lens through which anthropologists can analyze and comprehend the diversity and commonalities among different communities.
Q: How has the concept of culture evolved over the years in Anthropology?
A: The concept of culture in Anthropology has undergone significant evolution. Initially viewed as a static entity, contemporary perspectives acknowledge culture as dynamic, adaptive, and constantly changing. Anthropologists now emphasize the fluidity of culture, recognizing its continuous interaction with external influences and internal transformations.
Q: How does the study of the nature of culture contribute to addressing contemporary societal challenges?
A: The study of the nature of culture offers insights into the roots of societal challenges. By understanding cultural dynamics, anthropologists can propose nuanced solutions that respect local traditions while addressing modern issues. This interdisciplinary approach helps bridge the gap between tradition and progress.
Q: Can you provide examples of how globalization has influenced the nature of culture in different societies?
A: Globalization has significantly impacted the nature of culture worldwide. Examples include the diffusion of popular media, changes in dietary habits, and the adoption of global technologies. These influences, while fostering interconnectedness, also raise questions about cultural preservation and identity.
Q: How does the examination of the nature of culture in Anthropology contribute to a holistic understanding of humanity?
A: Examining the nature of culture allows anthropologists to unravel the complexities of human existence. By studying cultural patterns, rituals, and social structures, scholars gain a deeper understanding of the shared human experience. This holistic perspective fosters empathy and appreciation for the diversity that enriches our global tapestry.
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