What is Ozone (O₃)? The stratospheric ozone layer, however, acts like a protective shield for life on Earth. Role of the Ozone Layer: Protection from UV Radiation The ozone layer …
China is constantly in the news—whether it’s the Tibet issue, Xinjiang’s Uyghur crisis, Taiwan, South China Sea, or India–China border tensions. Yet, many UPSC aspirants still struggle to locate China’s …
Blogs
Dharali Disaster in Uttarkashi: Cloudburst or GLOF? A Geography & Environment Analysis for UPSC
Recently, a massive disaster was reported in Dharali village of Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, located on the Gangotri pilgrimage route. Initially described as a cloudburst, further investigation suggests the possibility of a …
In recent years, India has faced a sharp rise in cloudburst events, especially in the Himalayan and hill regions. These incidents often result in flash floods, landslides, and urban flooding, …
Blogs
Line of Control (LoC) Explained: How History, Geography & War Shaped the India–Pakistan Border
The Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan is not just a border — it is the physical outcome of war, diplomacy, geographical misunderstanding, and unresolved political ambition. Every …
The US has withdrawn the exemption it had earlier granted to the Chabahar Port project in Iran. For years, this project stayed outside sanctions because it allowed access to Afghanistan …
When Rajnath Singh said that “the road to Karachi goes through Sir Creek”, the line grabbed attention. But to really understand why Sir Creek keeps returning to the news, you …
Introduction In April 2025, after India declared that the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) would be held in abeyance until Pakistan ends its support for cross-border terrorism, another major step followed …
Introduction The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, has often been called one of the most successful water-sharing agreements in the world. But six decades …
If you’ve ever seen pictures of glowing skies in shades of green, pink, or red over the Arctic, you’ve seen Auroras — one of the most spectacular natural phenomena on …
