Chola architecture stands as an epitome of artistic and structural brilliance, marking a pinnacle in the evolution of temple architecture in India. Flourishing between the 9th and 12th centuries, during the reign of the Chola dynasty in South India, it left an indelible mark on the landscape with its grandeur and intricacy. Characterized by towering vimanas, elaborate sculptures adorning the walls, and intricate carvings depicting mythological narratives, Chola temples showcase a harmonious blend of engineering prowess and artistic finesse. The meticulous attention to detail and innovative structural techniques employed in these temples reflect a profound understanding of architectural principles, setting a precedent for future generations.
Tags: Indian Culture.
Decoding the Question:
- In the Introduction, start with how temple architecture flourished under the Chola kings.
- In Body, discuss the features of Chola temple architecture.
- Conclude with mentioning their status and recognition in the current era.
Answer:
The Chola kings utilised their wealth earned through their extensive conquest in building exquisite monuments. It is due to this, the Chola period witnessed the culmination in evolution of dravidian temple architecture making the Chola temples of that era artistically elaborate and sophisticated.
Contribution of Chola in the development of temple architecture:
- More elaborative structures: The temple architecture evolved from the early cave temples and Monolithic temples of Mamallapuram to more elaborate and complex in the Chola period. Example: Brihadeshwara temple.
- Stones replaced bricks: During this period stones were used instead of bricks for making temples. This added aesthetics and value to its temples.
- Gopurams become meaningful: In the chola period simple gopurams evolved into more exquisite and well composed structures with carvings and series of effigies on them.
- Elaborate pyramidal storeys: Pyramidal storey about the deity room depicts the maturity and grandeur Cholas brought in the temple architecture. Example Shiva temple of Thanjavur depicts the material achievement of the Chola Temple.
- Monolith shikaras: The Chola temples have evolved beautiful shikharas at the top with elaborate meticulous carving. Example: Octagonal shikhara of Gangaikondacholapuram temple.
- Dwarapalas became permanent: The guardian figures (dwarpalas), at the entrance to the mandapa, or hall which started from the Pallava period, became a unique feature of the Chola temples.
- Polished sculptures: During this period the architectural development reached its zenith. The temples were decorated with artistic stone pillars and wall decoration. Emphasis was on elongated limbs and polished features. Example: Carvings of the wheel chariot in Airavatesvara Temple are so fine that all the minute details are visible.
Thus,Chola temples flourished under the royal patronage of imperial chola kings. The artists patronized by them, through their influences from Amravati at school and various other contemporary schools, elevated the Dravidian architecture styles to greater height. Due to their grandeur, Chola temples have been recognised for their international importance and therefore get special protection as world heritage by UNESCO.
In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.
For UPSC Prelims Resources, Click here
For Daily Updates and Study Material:
Join our Telegram Channel – Edukemy for IAS
- 1. Learn through Videos – here
- 2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs – here
- 3. Daily Newsletter – Get all your Current Affairs Covered – here
- 4. Mains Answer Writing Practice – here
