The Civil Disobedience Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement were both significant phases in the Indian freedom struggle, but they differed in several aspects. Here’s a comparison between the two movements:
- Goal: The Civil Disobedience Movement aimed for complete independence, while the Non-Cooperation Movement sought to address specific wrongs and achieve swaraj (self-rule) without explicitly calling for complete independence.
- Methods: The Civil Disobedience Movement involved the violation of laws from the beginning, whereas the Non-Cooperation Movement focused on non-cooperation with foreign rules, such as boycotting British institutions and goods.
- Protests and Intelligentsia: The Civil Disobedience Movement witnessed a decrease in protests by the intelligentsia, such as lawyers quitting their practices and students leaving government schools. These actions were more prominent during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- Muslim Participation: Muslim participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement was relatively lower compared to the Non-Cooperation Movement. The advice of communal leaders and government efforts to promote communalism played a role in influencing Muslim participation.
- Labour Uprising: Unlike the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement did not witness a major upsurge in labour movements occurring simultaneously.
- Peasants and Business Groups: The Civil Disobedience Movement saw significant participation from peasants and business groups, compensating for the decline in certain other characteristics, such as protests by the intelligentsia.
- Imprisonment: The number of people imprisoned during the Civil Disobedience Movement was approximately three times higher than during the Non-Cooperation Movement, indicating more intense and widespread participation.
- Organizational Structure: The Congress had a better organizational structure during the Civil Disobedience Movement compared to the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement, allowing for better coordination and management of the movement.
- These differences highlight the evolving nature of the freedom struggle and the varying strategies employed during different phases of the movement.
- Here’s a comparison table highlighting the differences between the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement:
| Aspect | Civil Disobedience Movement | Non-Cooperation Movement |
| Goal | Complete independence | Address specific wrongs and achieve swaraj |
| Methods | Violation of laws | Non-cooperation with foreign rule |
| Protests and Intelligentsia | Decreased involvement | Prominent involvement |
| Muslim Participation | Relatively lower | Relatively higher |
| Labour Uprising | Not a major upsurge | Simultaneous labour movements |
| Peasants and Business Groups | Significant participation | Varied participation |
| Imprisonment | The higher number of people imprisoned | The lower number of people imprisoned |
| Organizational Structure | Stronger organizational structure | Developing organizational structure |
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