Vertical movements are identified as either upwellings or downwellings, while horizontal motions are termed as ocean currents.
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Ocean currents
UPSC - Mains Solved Paper GS 1
Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing, and navigation? (12.5 marks, 200 words)
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Ocean currents, dynamic and complex flows of seawater, are shaped by a multitude of factors that contribute to their origin and behavior.
NCERT - Geography Notes
UPSC NCERT Notes – Geography – Waves, Ocean Currents, and Tides
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Within the vast expanse of oceanic realms, waves, ocean currents, and tides emerge as pivotal phenomena, orchestrating the movement of water masses across global scales.
UPSC Mains Solved Papers
How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment? Give suitable examples? (15 Marks, 250 words)
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Ocean currents and water masses play crucial roles in shaping marine ecosystems and influencing coastal environments, yet their impacts differ significantly.
UPSC Mains Solved Papers
What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in the fishing industry of the world. (250 Words) (15 Marks)
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Ocean currents are primarily influenced by a combination of factors, with wind, temperature, and the Earth’s rotation playing pivotal roles