UPSC Notes

Population issues have long been a focal point of global discourse, captivating the attention of policymakers, researchers, and citizens alike.

Population composition refers to the detailed description of a population, focusing on various characteristics that define its demographics

The age-sex structure of a population refers to the number of females and males in different age groups. A population pyramid is used to show the age-sex structure of the population.

The demographic dividend happens when the working-age population becomes larger compared to the dependent population

The change in the population size of a country is influenced by three main factors: births, deaths, and migration. Births add to the population, while deaths decrease it.

The characteristics of a given set of population can be understood on the basis of the following parameters:

The term ‘demography’ is of Greek origin and is composed of the two words, ‘demos’ (people) and ‘graphein’ (describe), implying

People are fundamental to the existence of society, the economy, and culture. India’s current population is 1.3242 billion (as of 2016), making it the second-highest in the world.

To promote gender equality (SDG-5) and empower women as active agents of change in society, the Government of India has launched various programs.

As such, examining the nature and efficacy of government responses provides critical insight into the dynamics of governance, societal resilience, and the pursuit of collective well-being.