UPSC Notes

The rise of absolute monarchies was a significant political development in Europe during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era.

The voyages of discovery at the end of the 15th century marked the beginning of the Modern Age in Europe and had a profound impact on international trade and the global economy.

The Renaissance and the Reformation were two pivotal movements that significantly shaped the course of European history during the late medieval period and the early modern era.

The King-Merchant Alliance, a complex web of political and economic collaboration between monarchs and merchants during medieval times, played a pivotal role in shaping the socio-economic landscape.

In recent years, there has been a notable global shift towards a capitalist economy, marked by a growing emphasis on free-market principles and private enterprise

The revival of trade and the emergence of towns led to the rise of a new social class known as the Middle Class, predominantly comprised of Merchants.

Merchants and craftsmen in towns responded by forming Guilds, specialized associations focused on the production of specific goods.

The rise of trade, towns, and cities in medieval Europe was a significant development that transformed the economic and social landscape.

The Church Rule refers to a set of guidelines and principles established by religious institutions to govern the behavior and practices of their members.

Feudalism derives its name from ‘feud,’ signifying land. It represented a system where services were provided in exchange for the allocation of land.