Embarking on the study of Tamil Literature as an optional subject for the UPSC Civil Services Examination unlocks a rich tapestry of cultural heritage and literary brilliance. This comprehensive syllabus delves into the ancient roots of the Tamil language, tracing its place within the Dravidian family. It further explores the evolution of Tamil literature throughout history, encompassing the celebrated Sangam period, the development of ethical writings, and the enduring power of devotional poetry. By delving into both classical and modern works, candidates gain a nuanced understanding of Tamil’s influence on Indian literature and its enduring significance in contemporary society.
Tamil Paper 1
Section – A
Part 1: History of Tamil Language
Major Indian Language Families—The place of Tamil among Indian Languages in general and Dravidian in particular—Enumeration and Distribution of Dravidian languages.
The language of Sangam Literature—The language of medieval Tamil : Pallava Period only—Historical study of Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs—Tense markers and case markers in Tamil.
Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil—Regional and social dialects—difference between literary and spoken Tamil.
Part 2 : History of Tamil Literature
Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literature—The division of Akam and Puram—The secular characteristics of Sangam Literature—The development of Ethical literature—Silappadikaram and Manimekalai.
Part 3 : Devotional Literature (Alwars and Nayanamars)
The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns—Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji).
Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil Literature; Novel, Short Story and New Poetry—The impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.
Section – B
Part 1 : Recent trends in Tamil Studies
Approaches to criticism : Social, psychological, historical and moralistic—the use of criticism—the various techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyappadu, Padimam (image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (Ambiguity)—The concept of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature.
Part 2 : Folk literature in Tamil
Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles—Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation—Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.
Part 3 : Cultural Heritage of the Tamils
Concept of Love and War—Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare-customs beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais.
The Cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature—cultural fusion in the medieval period (Jainism and Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later Cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamil society.
Tamil Paper 2
Section – A
Part 1 : Ancient Literature
(1) Kuruntokai (1—25 poems)
(2) Purananuru (182—200 poems)
(3) TirukkuralPorutpal :ArasiyalumAmaichiyalum(from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai).
Part 2 : Epic Literature
(1) Silappadikaram : Madhurai Kandam only.
(2) Kambaramayanam : Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam.
Part 3 : Devotional Literature
(1) Tiruvasagam : Neetthal Vinnappam
(2) Tiruppavai : (Full Text)
Section – B
Modern Literature
Part 1 : Poetry
(1) Bharathiar : Kannan Pattu
(2) Bharathidasan : Kudumba Vilakku
(3) Naa. Kamarasan : Karappu Malarkal
Prose
(1) Mu. Varadharajanar : Aramum Arasiyalum
(2) C. N. Annadurai : Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame.
Part 2 : Novel, Short Story and Drama
(1) Akilon ; Chittairappavai
(2) Jayakanthan : Gurupeedam
(3) Cho : Yaurkkum Vetkamillai
Part 3 : Folk Literature
(1) Muthuppattan kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication : Madurai Kamaraj University).
(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication : Saraswathi Mahal, Thanjavur).
FAQs on Tamil Literature Optional Subject – UPSC
1. What is the syllabus for Tamil Literature Optional in UPSC?
The UPSC Tamil Literature Optional syllabus is vast and covers various aspects of Tamil literature, including:
- Ancient Sangam literature (including Eight Anthologies – Ettu Thogai)
- Medieval literature
- Modern literature
- Poetry (Akaval, Silappadhikaram, Manimekalai, etc.)
- Prose
- Drama
- Literary criticism
- Cultural aspects reflected in Tamil literature
- History of Tamil language and grammar
2. Is a background in Tamil literature necessary to choose it as an optional subject?
While a background in Tamil literature can be beneficial, it is not mandatory. The UPSC syllabus is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject, even for beginners. With focused study and dedication, anyone can excel in this optional subject.
3. What are the recommended books for Tamil Literature Optional?
There are many resources available for those preparing for the Tamil Literature Optional. Some recommended books include:
- History of Tamil Literature – Kamil Zvelebil
- A Handbook of Tamil Literature – T.P. Meenakshisundaram
- Introduction to Tamil Literature – G.L. Hart
- Classical Tamil Poetry – An Anthology – Translated by A.K. Ramanujan
4. What are the advantages of choosing Tamil Literature Optional?
There are several advantages to choosing Tamil Literature Optional for the UPSC exam. These include:
- Relatively less competition compared to popular optional subjects like History or Public Administration.
- Scoring high marks becomes easier with focused preparation due to the niche nature of the subject.
- Deepens your understanding of Tamil culture and heritage.
5. What are the career prospects for candidates with Tamil Literature Optional?
A degree in Tamil literature, along with qualifying UPSC Mains with this optional, opens doors to various career opportunities. These include:
- Professor/Lecturer in Tamil literature
- Researcher in Tamil language and literature
- Content writer/editor for Tamil publications
- Civil service positions requiring knowledge of Tamil culture and language
In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.
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