UPSC Geography Optional Mains Solved Paper 2020

In rural India, managing crop residue—such as leftover stalks and straw after harvest—is crucial for reducing pollution.

Climate change has significantly disrupted the natural rhythm of the seasons, affecting both ecosystems and human activities.

The mapping question in the 2020 UPSC Geography optional mains exam asked candidates to locate and describe various geographical features on a map.

In geographical literature, boundaries and frontiers are distinct concepts with different meanings. Boundary- a line that marks the extent of a state’s territory, distinguishing the geographical area under its sovereignty…

The world population transition can be understood from the demographic transition theory which provides a framework for understanding the changes in population dynamics associated with socio-economic development. A brief account…

Gender equity and equality are crucial for India’s balanced human development, yet disparities remain despite constitutional equality. The Gender Inequality Index shows significant gaps in reproductive health, empowerment, and labour…

The dynamics of industrial location in metropolitan cities of India are influenced by a complex interplay of geographical, economic, and policy-related factors. Theories such as Weber’s Least Cost Theory, Christaller’s…

Frontier- zone or region at the edge of a settled area, often characterized by a less defined, open, and sparsely populated area that is not under the full control of…

Land degradation affects about 33% of the Earth’s land surface. It leads to the reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity of land, impacting nearly 2 billion people…

The Malthusian and Neo-Malthusian perspectives both address concerns related to population growth, resource use, and environmental impact, but they differ in their underlying assumptions, solutions, and emphasis on various factors.…