The UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) Main Examination is a highly competitive and rigorous assessment that aspirants undertake to pursue a career in the Indian Civil Services. Among the various optional subjects offered, Anthropology stands out as a unique and multidisciplinary field that delves into the study of human societies, cultures, and biological evolution. The Anthropology optional paper in the UPSC Main Examination not only demands a profound understanding of human diversity but also requires candidates to critically analyze and apply anthropological concepts to contemporary issues. By exploring previous year’s papers on the Anthropology optional, aspirants gain valuable insights into the examination pattern, question types, and the depth of knowledge expected. This introduction sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the challenges and opportunities presented by the UPSC Main Examination’s Anthropology optional through the lens of previous year’s papers.
Question Paper Specific Instructions
- Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions :
- There are EIGHT questions divided in two SECTIONS and printed both in HINDI and in ENGLISH.
- The candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.
- Questions no. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be attempted choosing at least ONE from each section.
- The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
- Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space provided. No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
- Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to.
- Illustrate your answers with suitable sketches, maps, and diagrams. These shall be drawn in the space provided for answering the question itself.
- Attempts of questions shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, the attempt of a question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the answer book must be clearly struck off.
Anthropology Optional Question Paper-1 (2017)
SECTION – A
1. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Bilincal and bilateral descents.
(b) Difference between religion and magic.
(c) Basic tenets of structural-functionalism.
(d) Non-verbal communication.
(e) Questionnaire.
Q2.
(a) Discuss the development of the concept of cultural in Anthropology.
(b) Elucidate the determinants of kinship terminology.
(c) Discuss the Different forms of preferential marriage with suitable examples from tribal societies in India.
Q3.
(a) Discuss the different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies.
(b) Mention the characteristics features of band with suitable examples.
(c) With the help of appropriate example, explain the various forms of exchange system.
Q4.
(a) Explain Ruth Benedict’s patterns of culture.
(b) Elucidate the basic characteristics of anthropological fieldwork methods.
(c) Critically examine the Stewardian view of neo-evolutionism.
SECTION – B
5. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Hardy-Weinberg Law.
(b) Sallent features of Mesolithic culture
(c) Concept of race
(d) Age at menarche
(e) Anthropology and designing of equipment.
Q6.
(a) Define Anthropology. Describe the major branches of Anthropology elaborating on any one branch.
(b) Bring out the comparative anatomical features of man and apes. Discuss their evolutionary significance.
(c) What are dating methods? Discuss one absolute method and one relative methods in detail.
Q7.
(a) Briefly describe the various methods used in the genetic study of man.
(b) Discuss the responses and acclimatization to high altitude stresses.
(c) Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertility and mortality.
Q8.
(a) What are the methods of personal identifications? Critically examine how personal identification helps in criminal investigations.
(b) Describe the various methods of studying growth highlighting their merits and demerits.
(c) Discuss Sheldon’s method of somatotyping.
Anthropology Optional Question Paper-2 (2017)
SECTION – A
1. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Neolithic cultures of South India.
(b) Austro-Asiatic linguistic groups in India.
(c) Varnashram and the concept of Rina.
(d) Ethno-archaeology.
(e) Nature-man-spirit complex
Q2.
(a) Discuss the contribution of Nirmal kumar Bose to the understanding of Indian society.
(b) Describe the salient features of chalcolthic cultures of the Deccan.
(c) Critically discuss the constitutional safeguards for the Schedule Castes.
Q3.
(a) Discuss the impact of market economy on the Jajmani system.
(b) Discuss the salient features of Ramapithecus.
(c) Discuss the social, political and economic status of Muslims in India.
Q4.
(a) Explain how Buddhism influenced the economic and cultural transformations of Indian society.
(b) Describe various aspect of trade and religion of Harappa civilization.
(c) Discuss the impact of media as an instrument of social change.
SECTION – B
5. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Indebtedness among tribal communities.
(b) Ethnicity and regionalism.
(c) Other Backward Class.
(d) Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (earlier known as PTG).
(e) Impact of Christianity on Indian tribes.
Q6.
(a) Describe the impact of displacement on the health and nutritional status of tribal communities.
(b) Discuss the emergence, salient features and limitations of Tribal sub-plan.
(c) Give a critical evalution of any one anthropological village study in India.
Q7.
(a) Critically evaluate the term ‘tribe’ (as used in India) as compared to the term ‘indigenous’ in
some other countries.
(b) Discuss the impact of Panchayati Raj institution on the empowerment of rural women in India.
(c) Give a critical appraisal of any one tribal development programme during XIIth Five-Year plan. Give your suggestions for any improvement in the programme.
Q8.
(a) Give your assessment of the reasons for the imbalance in the sex-ratio in India.
(b) Discuss the relevance of art and craft traditions in the understanding of Indian archaeology.
(c) Discuss the contribution of anthropology in understanding the loss of livelihood of tribal communities due to economic and ecological factors.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: How can I effectively prepare for UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional using previous year papers?
A1: Utilizing UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional previous year papers is a strategic approach. Begin by thoroughly analyzing the question patterns and understanding the weightage of different topics. Identify recurring themes and focus on strengthening your knowledge in those areas. Practice writing answers within the stipulated time to enhance your time management skills and improve the quality of your responses.
Q2: Are there any specific trends in the UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional papers over the years?
A2: Yes, there are discernible trends in the UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional papers. The questions often emphasize a holistic understanding of anthropological concepts, linking theoretical knowledge with practical application. Additionally, recent papers tend to include more interdisciplinary questions, requiring candidates to integrate anthropological perspectives with contemporary issues.
Q3: How can I enhance my answer writing skills for Anthropology Optional based on previous year papers?
A3: Answer writing skills are crucial for Anthropology Optional in UPSC Mains. Practice is key. Start by writing answers to previous year questions under exam conditions. Focus on clarity, structure, and logical flow. Pay attention to the presentation, use diagrams and case studies where relevant. Regularly evaluate and seek feedback to continually improve your writing style.
Q4: Are there any specific topics within Anthropology Optional that are frequently asked in UPSC Mains papers?
A4: While the range of topics is vast, certain areas are consistently featured in UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional papers. These include socio-cultural aspects, human evolution, tribal studies, and applied anthropology. Prioritize these areas during your preparation, ensuring a thorough understanding of the underlying concepts and their practical implications.
Q5: How should I incorporate the study of previous year papers into my overall Anthropology Optional preparation strategy?
A5: Integrating the study of previous year papers is crucial for effective preparation. Begin by categorizing questions based on topics and sub-topics. Devote more time to areas with higher question frequency. Understand the evolution of questions over the years to anticipate potential areas of focus. Regularly revise and update your knowledge in alignment with the changing trends observed in previous papers.
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