Embarking on the challenging journey of the UPSC Main examination with Political Science and International Relations as your optional subject is a formidable task that demands both intellectual acumen and a profound understanding of global affairs. The optional paper in Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) not only tests candidates on their analytical and critical thinking skills but also evaluates their comprehensive grasp of political theories, governance structures, and international dynamics. Aspirants who opt for this subject delve into the intricate realms of political philosophy, comparative politics, and international relations, navigating through a diverse range of topics that include but are not limited to political ideologies, governance models, and the complex dynamics of global diplomacy. In this blog series, we will delve into the previous year papers of the UPSC Main examination for Political Science and International Relations, providing insights, analysis, and strategies to help aspirants navigate the challenges and excel in this crucial segment of the civil services examination.
As we explore the previous year papers for Political Science and International Relations, we will unravel the evolving trends in the UPSC examination, shedding light on the key themes and concepts that have been recurrent over the years. Analyzing these papers will not only serve as a valuable tool for understanding the exam pattern but will also assist aspirants in formulating a focused and effective preparation strategy. Whether you are a seasoned UPSC aspirant or someone just starting the journey, this blog series aims to be a comprehensive guide, offering a nuanced perspective on the intricacies of the Political Science and International Relations optional paper, with the ultimate goal of helping you achieve success in the UPSC Main examination.
Question Paper Specific Instructions
- Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions :
- There are EIGHT questions divided in two SECTIONS and printed both in HINDI and in ENGLISH.
- The candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.
- Questions no. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be attempted choosing at least ONE from each section.
- The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
- Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space provided. No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
- Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to.
- Illustrate your answers with suitable sketches, maps, and diagrams. These shall be drawn in the space provided for answering the question itself.
- Attempts of questions shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, the attempt of a question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the answer book must be clearly struck off.
PSIR Optional Question Paper-1 (2023)
SECTION – A
1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Normative approach in Political Science
(b) Multicultural perspective on rights
(c) State of Nature as State of War (Hobbes)
(d) Foucault’s concept of power
(e) Decline of political theory
2. (a) Success of contemporary democracies lies in the State limiting its own power. Explain.
(b) Rawls’ idea of the ‘liberal self is too individualistic. Explain, in this context, the communitarian critique of Rawls’ theory of justice.
(c) ‘Credo of Relevance’ in post-behaviouralism advocates the importance of action science. Analyze.
3. (a) Fascism displays an ambivalent stance towards parliamentary democracy. Explain.
(b) Affirmative Action Policies draw as much strong criticism as strong support. Analyze this statement in the context of equality.
(c) Eurocentrism is both the target and the motive force of the post-colonial political theory. Discuss.
4. (a) Buddhist thought on Dhamma facilitates the emancipation of political action. Explain.
(b) “The legal subordination of one sex to another is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human development.” (J. S. Mill). Comment.
(c) Sri Aurobindo’s idea of Swaraj has deep significance in the Indian social, political and cultural history. Analyze.
SECTION – B
5. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Imprint of the British Constitution on the Indian Constitution.
(b) Environmentalism of the poor
(c) Functions of District Planning Committee
(d) Satyagraha and Indian Nationalism
(e) National Commission for Minorities
6. (a) Discuss the major provisions of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. you think that the Act remains an unfulfilled dream? Argue your case.
(b) How does NITI Aayog as a ‘policy think tank with shared vision’ visualize the reorganization of planning in India? Justify your answer.
(c) The Constitution of India is the cornerstone of a nation’ (Granville Austin). Analyze.
7. (a) Does the actual working of Indian federalism conform to the centralizing tendencies in Indian polity? Give reasons for your answer.
(b) The main goal of the Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution is to generate civic responsibility among the citizens. Explain.
(c) Dr. Ambedkar’s clarion call, “Educate, Agitate and Organize”, strategizes the Dalit movement towards achieving civil liberty. Discuss.
8. (a) The rise of caste politics is to be attributed to both regional aspirations and electoral manifestations. Comment.
(b) The decade 1989-1999 has created an epochal shift in the Indian party system at the national level. Identify the major national trends in the party system during this era.
(c) Do you agree that over the years the Supreme Court has become a forum for policy evolution? Justify your answer.
PSIR Optional Question Paper-2 (2023)
Section – A
1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) What are the crucial functions of empirical political theory Comparative Politics?
(b) What are the difficulties faced by a political theorist in comparing the States?
(c) How does democratic politics construct citizenship?
(d) What is the structure and functions of International Court of Justice?
(e) Discuss the structure and functions of UN Security Council.
2. (a) Discuss the relevance of the normative ethos of the Non-Aligned Movement in magnifying India’s soft power in pursuit of her national interest.
(b) In what ways does the functionalist approach in International relations help in maintaining peace and order in global politics?
(c) How does the regime change and political crisis in Myanmar threaten regional security and peace?
3. (a) “During the Cold War, the Non-Aligned Movement tried to become a “Third force’ in World Politics, but failed because it was too large and unwieldy.” Discuss.
(b) Account for the rise of European Union as a highly influential regional organisation.
(c) Narrate the various ways in which rapid environmental degradation is posing a serious threat to human security. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
4. (A) Critically examine the impact of Globalisation on the developing countries of the world.
(b) What do you mean by offensive and defensive realism?
(c) Discuss the various constraints on American hegemony today. Which of these are likely to become more prominent in the future?
SECTION – B
5. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Explain the major features of India’s Foreign Policy in the 21st century.
(b) What are the reasons for lack of ‘regionness’ in South Asia?
(c) Why is the compromise reached at WTO regarding the Covid-19 vaccine manufacturing not a Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) waiver?
(d) Why do ethnic conflicts and insurgencies continue to remain major impediments to regional co-operation in South Asia?
(e) What diplomatic steps has India taken to articulate the interests of the Global South in International Politics?
6. (a) Arms trade, economic ties and congruent geo-political interests are no longer the three pillars of India – Russia relationship in the emerging strategic context. Comment.
(b) Discuss the importance of India’s role in UN peacekeeping operations as a ground for its claim to a permanent seat in the UN Security Council.
(c) Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) performs an important role in India’s strategic balancing act to withstand the dominance of China in Asia. Discuss.
7. (a) “India’s Nuclear policy is deeply influenced by its cultural beliefs and the pragmatic approach of its foreign policy.” Discuss.
(b) What steps has India taken to regain its foothold in Afghanistan since the Taliban has taken over the country in August 2021?
(c) What are the challenges and limitations in India – Iran relations?
8. (a) What are the external determinants of the Foreign Policy of a State?
(b) Discuss the significance of “West Asia Quad” in the light of India’s ‘Look West’ policy.
(c) Discuss the major drivers of India’s interests in Africa.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Q: Why is choosing Political Science and International Relations as an optional subject for UPSC Main examination a strategic decision?
A: Political Science and International Relations provide a holistic understanding of political systems and global affairs. Opting for this subject enhances analytical skills and equips candidates to interpret contemporary issues through the lens of political theories, making it a strategic choice for those aspiring to excel in the UPSC Main examination.
2. Q: How can analyzing previous year papers in Political Science and International Relations benefit UPSC aspirants?
A: Analyzing previous year papers offers insights into the recurring themes, question patterns, and emphasis areas of the UPSC examination. By studying these papers, aspirants can tailor their preparation to align with the evolving trends, ensuring a more targeted and effective approach to mastering the Political Science and International Relations optional subject.
3. Q: What are the key topics within Political Science and International Relations that aspirants should prioritize during their preparation?
A: While the syllabus is extensive, focusing on core areas such as political theory, governance, and international relations is crucial. Understanding the nuances of political ideologies, comparative politics, and global diplomatic dynamics is essential for success in the UPSC Main examination.
4. Q: How can aspirants balance theoretical knowledge and current affairs in Political Science and International Relations preparation?
A: Integrating current affairs with theoretical concepts is vital. Aspirants should stay updated on global events, connecting them with relevant theories and models. This approach not only enriches answers but also demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the subject.
5. Q: Are there specific writing strategies for the Political Science and International Relations optional paper in UPSC Mains?
A: Yes, candidates should focus on clarity, conciseness, and coherence in their answers. Practice answer writing to convey complex ideas succinctly. Additionally, incorporating real-world examples and case studies enhances the depth of responses, showcasing a nuanced understanding of the subject.
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