The UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) Main Examination is a highly competitive and rigorous assessment that aspirants undertake to pursue a career in the Indian Civil Services. Among the various optional subjects offered, Anthropology stands out as a unique and multidisciplinary field that delves into the study of human societies, cultures, and biological evolution. The Anthropology optional paper in the UPSC Main Examination not only demands a profound understanding of human diversity but also requires candidates to critically analyze and apply anthropological concepts to contemporary issues. By exploring previous year’s papers on the Anthropology optional, aspirants gain valuable insights into the examination pattern, question types, and the depth of knowledge expected. This introduction sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the challenges and opportunities presented by the UPSC Main Examination’s Anthropology optional through the lens of previous year’s papers.
Question Paper Specific Instructions
- Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions :
- There are EIGHT questions divided in two SECTIONS and printed both in HINDI and in ENGLISH.
- The candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.
- Questions no. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be attempted choosing at least ONE from each section.
- The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
- Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space provided. No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
- Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to.
- Illustrate your answers with suitable sketches, maps, and diagrams. These shall be drawn in the space provided for answering the question itself.
- Attempts of questions shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, the attempt of a question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the answer book must be clearly struck off.
Anthropology Optional Question Paper-1 (2016)
SECTION – A
1. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Differences between Social Anthropology and Sociology. 10 marks
(b) Cultural Relativism 10 marks
(c) Lineage and Clan 10 marks
(d) Totemism 10 marks
(e) Functionalism 10 marks
2 (a) Delineate the salient features of Chalcoloithic cultures. 15 marks
(b) Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movements on family in India. 20 marks
(c) According to Geertz, how does the cock-fight reveal aspects of Balinese culture? 15 marks
3 (a) Describes the cardinal points of descent and alliance theories. 20 marks
(b) Discuss different social control mechanisms in simple societies. 15 marks
(c) Critically examine different Anthropological approaches to Religion. 15 marks
4 (a) Discuss the principles governing production, distribution and exchange in simple societies. 20 marks
(b) How do the concepts of binary opposites and exchange figure in Levi-Strauss’ structural analysis of kinship? 15 marks
(c) Describe the evolution of Fieldwork tradition in Anthropology. 15 marks
SECTION – B
5. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Rh-Blood Group 10marks
(b) Rhodesian Man 10 marks
(c) Neolithic Cultures of India 10 marks
(d) Fertility and Fecundity. 10 marks
(e) Forensic Anthropology. 10 marks
6 (a) Elucidate the biological and cultural factors in Human evolution. 15 marks
(b) Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation of races. 15 marks
(c) Discuss different factors affecting growth and development in human beings. 20 marks
7 (a) Critically discuss the Mendelian principles and their application to human populations.15 marks
(b)Explain the significance of screening and counseling for genetic disorders. 15 marks
(c) Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of infectious and noninfectious diseases. 20 marks
8 (a) Describe the role of Anthropology in designing defence and other equipment. 15 marks
(b) Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factors in the bio-cultural adaptations of human beings to different environments. 20 marks
(c) Explain the skeletal changes due to erect posture and their implications. 15 marks
Anthropology Optional Question Paper-2 (2016)
SECTION – A
1. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) Significance of Mesolithic findings from Belan Valley
(b) Linguistic clements in Indian population
(c) Relevance of caste in contemporary Indian politics
(d) Impact of Jainism on Indian society
(e) Ethno-archaeological evidences for the survival of hunting-gathering traditions in India
2.(a) Write about the contribution made by Christoph von Fürer-Haimendors to tribal anthropology in India. 20 marks
(b) Delineate the salient characteristics of ‘Narmada Man’ and examine its phylogenetic significance. 15 marks
(c) Discuss how cultural diversity of Indian tribes has enriched its plural traditions. 15 marks
3.(a) Examine the structural and cultural theories of caste system in India. 20 marks
(b) Give a critical assessinent of ‘Negrito Problemn’ in India. 15 marks
(c) Describe the traditional patterns of settlement of Indian villages. 15 marks
4.(a) Give a detailed appraisal of skeletal remains from Chalcolithic culture of undivided Punjab. 20 marks
(b) How is process of tribe-caste continuum different from Sanskritization? Comment. 15 marks
(c) Compare the contribution of L. P. Vidyarthi and D. N. Majumdar to the study of Indian tribes. 15 marks
SECTION – B
5. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50 marks
(a) The role that regionalism plays in demand for autonomy among Indian tribes
(b) Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes
(c) Impact of industrialization on scheduled tribe population of Jharkhand
(d) Tribe as a colonial construct
(e) Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political movements
6.(a) Explain Indian village as a social system with suitable examples. 20 marks
(b) Examinc the nature of interplay of little and great traditions in the context of globalization. 15 marks
(c) Explain the difficulties experienced by scheduled tribes with regard to implementation of the ‘Recognition of Forcat Rights Act, 2006’. 15 marks
7.(a) Examine the factors responsible for the exploitation of scheduled castes in India. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the impact of Islam on scheduled tribes of India. 15 marks
(c) Describc how various tribal development programmes and plans have impacted the process of social transformation among tribes. 15 marks
8.(a) Write in detail various provisions provided by the Constitution of India for the scheduled tribes under Vth and Vith Schedules. 20 marks
(b) Critically examine the role of NGOs and missionaries in transformation of scheduled tribes in Central India. 15 marks
(c) Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are useful in rural development. 15 marks
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: How can I effectively prepare for UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional using previous year papers?
A1: Utilizing UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional previous year papers is a strategic approach. Begin by thoroughly analyzing the question patterns and understanding the weightage of different topics. Identify recurring themes and focus on strengthening your knowledge in those areas. Practice writing answers within the stipulated time to enhance your time management skills and improve the quality of your responses.
Q2: Are there any specific trends in the UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional papers over the years?
A2: Yes, there are discernible trends in the UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional papers. The questions often emphasize a holistic understanding of anthropological concepts, linking theoretical knowledge with practical application. Additionally, recent papers tend to include more interdisciplinary questions, requiring candidates to integrate anthropological perspectives with contemporary issues.
Q3: How can I enhance my answer writing skills for Anthropology Optional based on previous year papers?
A3: Answer writing skills are crucial for Anthropology Optional in UPSC Mains. Practice is key. Start by writing answers to previous year questions under exam conditions. Focus on clarity, structure, and logical flow. Pay attention to the presentation, use diagrams and case studies where relevant. Regularly evaluate and seek feedback to continually improve your writing style.
Q4: Are there any specific topics within Anthropology Optional that are frequently asked in UPSC Mains papers?
A4: While the range of topics is vast, certain areas are consistently featured in UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional papers. These include socio-cultural aspects, human evolution, tribal studies, and applied anthropology. Prioritize these areas during your preparation, ensuring a thorough understanding of the underlying concepts and their practical implications.
Q5: How should I incorporate the study of previous year papers into my overall Anthropology Optional preparation strategy?
A5: Integrating the study of previous year papers is crucial for effective preparation. Begin by categorizing questions based on topics and sub-topics. Devote more time to areas with higher question frequency. Understand the evolution of questions over the years to anticipate potential areas of focus. Regularly revise and update your knowledge in alignment with the changing trends observed in previous papers.
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