Welcome to a comprehensive exploration of Anthropology as an optional topic in the UPSC Mains examination, focusing on the main branches, their scope, and relevance through a detailed analysis of previous year questions spanning the years 2013 to 2023. Anthropology, the study of humans and human societies, is a dynamic field that offers valuable insights into the diverse aspects of human existence. As aspirants gear up for one of the most competitive examinations in India, understanding the nuanced dimensions of Anthropology becomes paramount. In this blog series, we will delve into the intricacies of each main branch of Anthropology, dissecting questions posed by the UPSC over the past decade. By doing so, we aim to not only decipher the pattern of questions but also highlight the evolving nature of the discipline and its significance in the context of contemporary issues.
Embarking on this journey, we will unravel the mysteries of Biological Anthropology, Archaeological Anthropology, Socio-Cultural Anthropology, and Linguistic Anthropology. From the examination of human evolution and adaptation to the analysis of ancient civilizations and cultural practices, each branch contributes uniquely to our understanding of humanity. Furthermore, we will examine the evolving trends in the UPSC question papers, providing aspiring candidates with a strategic advantage in their preparation. Join us as we navigate through the past decade of Anthropology questions, offering valuable insights that will not only aid in exam preparation but also foster a deeper appreciation for the multifaceted world of Anthropology.
Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance – Anthropology – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Anthropology Optional)
Social-cultural Anthropology. Biological Anthropology. Archaeological Anthropology. Linguistic Anthropology
1. Discuss the comparative method of cultural evolutionists, diffusionists and modern social anthropologists.(1982)
2. Does structuralism in social anthropology coincide with that in linguistics ? Critically assess their analogy.(1983)
3. What are the common aspects of structural anthropology and linguistics?(1985)
4. Discuss the types of comparison in social anthropology.(1985)
5. Write a note on Empiricism in social anthropology.
6. Write a note on New Physical anthropology(1985)
7. Bring out the merits and demerits of different contributions on the methods of comparison in social-cultural anthropology.(1988)
8. Write a note on Theme of Linguistic Anthropology.(1989)
9. Write a note on ‘New Physical Write a note on ‘New Physical.(1989)
10. Write a note on Linguistic anthropology. (1990)
11. Write a note on Recent trends in psychological anthropology (1990)
12. Write a note on ‘Classical’ Physical Anthropology (1991)
13. Discuss the merits and demerits of different methods of comparison used in social-cultural anthropology. (1991)
14. Write a note on Archaeological Anthropology (1992)
15. Write an essay on the aims and scope of applied anthropology with special reference to India. (1992)
16. Write a note on Social and cultural anthropology.(1994)
17. Write a note on Action anthropology.(1995)
18. Write a note on Medical Anthropology.(1996)
19. What is cognitive approach ? Critically examine its implications in Sociocultural Anthropology. (1996)
20. Write a note on Action anthropology.(1999)
21. Write a note on Biological Anthropology.(2002)
22. Write a note on Biological Anthropology.(2008)
23. Write a note in 150 words on Linguistic Anthropology (2013)
24. Write a note in 150 words on Major sub-divisions of Anthropology (2014)
25. Write a note in 150 words on Archaeological Anthropology. (2015)
26. Give an account of- the field methods used in the study of Archaeological Anthropology.(2018)
27. Write a note in 150 words on the relationship between Linguistics and Social-Cultural Anthropology. (2019)
28. How can synergising the core branches Anthropology reinvigorate the holistic spirit of the discipline? (2020)
29. Mention the major branches of linguistic anthropology and discuss language use in social and cultural settings.(2021)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the main branches of Anthropology, and how do they differ?
Anthropology comprises four main branches: Biological Anthropology, Archaeological Anthropology, Socio-Cultural Anthropology, and Linguistic Anthropology. Biological Anthropology focuses on human evolution and variation, Archaeological Anthropology studies past human cultures through artifacts, Socio-Cultural Anthropology explores contemporary societies and cultures, and Linguistic Anthropology examines the role of language in human societies.
2. How does Biological Anthropology contribute to our understanding of human evolution?
Biological Anthropology investigates the biological aspects of humans, including their evolution, adaptation, and diversity. By studying fossils, genetics, and primates, provides crucial insights into the development of the human species, helping us comprehend our evolutionary history and the factors that shaped us as a species.
3. What is the significance of Archaeological Anthropology in uncovering human history?
Archaeological Anthropology involves the excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures to reconstruct past human cultures. It plays a vital role in uncovering historical narratives, understanding technological advancements, and shedding light on the social, economic, and religious practices of ancient civilizations.
4. How does Socio-Cultural Anthropology contribute to addressing contemporary societal issues?
Socio-cultural anthropology examines the customs, beliefs, and social structures of present-day societies. Its findings help address current societal challenges by providing a deep understanding of cultural dynamics, social inequalities, and the impact of globalization on diverse communities.
5. In what ways does Linguistic Anthropology explore the role of language in human societies?
Linguistic Anthropology studies the interplay between language and culture. By analyzing linguistic diversity, communication patterns, and the cultural context of language use, offers valuable insights into how language shapes our perceptions, social interactions, and the transmission of cultural knowledge across generations.
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