Embarking on the challenging journey of preparing for the UPSC Mains examination requires a strategic approach, and one of the crucial aspects of this preparation is a thorough understanding of the previous year’s questions. In the realm of Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) optional, one of the pivotal topics that aspirants delve into is “Democracy.” In this blog series, we will meticulously explore and analyze the PSIR optional topic-wise previous year questions from 2013 to 2023, shedding light on the evolving trends and patterns set by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). By delving into these questions, aspirants can gain valuable insights into the nuances of democracy as perceived by the UPSC over the years, enabling them to craft well-informed and nuanced responses in the upcoming examination.
As we journey through the years, the examination pattern and question dynamics undergo subtle shifts, and an in-depth analysis of past questions becomes an indispensable tool for aspirants aiming to navigate the complexities of the PSIR optional syllabus. Democracy, as a theme, holds immense significance in the contemporary socio-political landscape, making it a focal point for the UPSC. Through this blog series, we aim to unravel the intricacies of democracy-related questions, helping aspirants refine their preparation strategies and develop a comprehensive understanding of the evolving dimensions of democratic governance as perceived by the UPSC. Join us in this exploration of the PSIR optional landscape, as we unravel the tapestry of democracy through the lens of previous year questions.
Democracy – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains PSIR Optional)
Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy-representative, participatory and deliberative
1. Comment: “Obedience to mere impulse of appetite is slavery.” (Rousseau) (1993)
2. Comment: “Punishment should be preventive and corrective rather than retaliatory.” (Bentham) (1995)
3. Comment: “Laws are any necessary relations arising from the nature of a thing.” (Montesquieu) (1997)
4. Examine the nature and limits of the rights of Resistance and Revolution recognised in modern political theory. (1997)
5. Discuss the philosophical basis of doctrine of popular sovereignty, and its significance for mankind. (1997)
6. The modern pluralist democracies have posed a great threat ~o the fabric of nation state. Discuss. (2000)
7. Comment: Polyarchy. (2001)
8. “Democratic theory presupposes self-determination, human rights and social justice.” Discuss this with particular reference to M.K. Gandhi. (2005)
9. Comment: “THE GENERAL WILL” ” … is not so much the will of the state as the will 24. for the State, … ” (Maciver) (2006)
10. ‘Political process in a country is merely the manifestation of its_ political culture”. Elucidate. (2007)
11. Comment on the proposition that liberal constitutionalism precedes liberal democracy. (2009)
12. Comment Robert Dahl’s concept of deformed polyarchy. (2010)
13. Assess the deliberate theories of democracy. (2010)
14. Examine the ‘Participatory Model of Democracy’. (2011)
15. Comment on issues of debate in contemporary democratic theory. (150 words) (2012)
16. Comment in 150 words: “India has thrown up a form of judicial democracy that has no parallel anywhere else, and has nurtured a kind of civil society that is uniquely its own.” (Bhikhu Parekh) (2014)
17. Explicate the features of deliberative democracy. (2014)
18. Comment in 150 words: Difference between Participatory and Deliberative Democracy. (2015)
19. Explicate the features of Representative Democracy. (2016)
20. Deliberative democracy does not have its salience without participation and participatory democracy does not have its credence without deliberations. Comment. (2017)
21. Comment in 150 words Substantive Democracy. (2018)
22. Critically examine Macpherson’s views on Democracy. (2018)
23. Comment: Deliberative democracy. (2019)
24. Representative democracy means the people as a body must be able to control the general direction of government policy. (J. S. Mill). Comment. (2020)
25. “Free and fair deliberation is key to the foundation of democracy.” Explain. (2021)
26. Elitist theory of democracy denies the possibility of democracy as the ‘rule of the people’. Elucidate.(2022)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the essence of democracy, and how does it differ from other forms of government?
Democracy is a political system where power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives. It stands in contrast to autocracy and oligarchy. Understanding the fundamental principles and distinctions between democracy and other governance models is crucial for a comprehensive grasp of this political concept.
Q: How has the concept of democracy evolved over time in different regions of the world?
Democracy’s evolution is a dynamic process shaped by historical, cultural, and socio-economic factors. This question delves into the global perspective, exploring how democracy has manifested in various societies and adapted to diverse contexts. A nuanced understanding of these variations is essential for a well-rounded appreciation of democracy.
Q: What challenges does democracy face in the contemporary world, and how can they be addressed?
Democracy is not without its challenges. This question probes the current issues that democracies confront globally, ranging from issues of political polarization and populist movements to questions of representation and inclusivity. Examining these challenges is vital for anyone aspiring to comprehend the intricacies of democratic governance.
Q: In what ways does technology impact democracy, and what are the implications for political participation?
The advent of technology has significantly altered the political landscape. This question explores the intersection of technology and democracy, addressing topics such as social media’s influence, electronic voting, and the potential for increased civic engagement or challenges posed by misinformation. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for evaluating the contemporary democratic experience.
Q: How do international institutions contribute to the promotion or hindrance of democracy on a global scale?
Democracy is not confined within national borders; it’s a global concern. This question delves into the role of international organizations and treaties in shaping democratic norms and practices. Exploring how these institutions impact the spread and sustainability of democracy worldwide provides valuable insights into the interconnected nature of democratic governance.
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