In today’s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination. Our focus today includes a critical analysis of recent policy changes, international affairs, and national developments, all of which play a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic landscape of India. Stay informed and stay ahead in your UPSC preparations with our daily current affairs updates, as we provide you with concise, well-researched insights to help you connect the dots between contemporary events and the broader canvas of the civil services syllabus.
Lok Sabha Approves Trio of Bills for Comprehensive Criminal Justice System Overhaul
Tag: GS-2 Governance
In News:
Lok Sabha Unanimously Passes Three Bills for Revamping the Nation’s Criminal Justice System, Replacing Outdated Colonial-Era Laws.
Need for New Legislation
Colonial Legacy
- From 1860 to 2023, India’s criminal justice system operated under British-imposed laws, reflecting outdated language and concepts unsuitable for contemporary social norms.
Advancements in Technology
- Technological progress has introduced new dimensions to crime, evidence, and investigation, necessitating updates to legal frameworks.
Simplification and Streamlining
- Over time, the complexity of laws has led to confusion among legal practitioners, law enforcement, and the public.
- Simplifying and streamlining the legal framework can enhance transparency and understanding.
Evidence Collection and Presentation
- The Indian Evidence Act predates modern forensic science, requiring reforms to align with technological advancements.
Various Reports Highlighting the Need for Reforms
- Parliamentary Standing Committees on Home Affairs emphasized the essential review of the criminal justice system in multiple reports.
Background
In August 2023, the Union government introduced three Bills in Parliament to overhaul the criminal justice system: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023 (BSB).
Bills Referred to Parliamentary Standing Committee
The Bills underwent review by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs, leading to recommendations for changes after three months of deliberation.
Dissents of Opposition Members
Opposition members dissented on the vernacular titles of the Bills, alleging a violation of Article 348. The committee, however, approved the Hindi titles.
Introduction of Revised Version
On December 12, the Bills were withdrawn from Parliament, and revised versions were introduced, notably the Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill [BNS II Bill].
Key Changes Under BNS II
BNS II introduces modifications in defining life imprisonment, addressing terrorist acts, criminal conspiracy, mob lynching, organized crimes, sedition, community service, and sexual offenses against women.
Rulings of the Supreme Court
BNS II aligns with Supreme Court decisions, addressing issues such as adultery, penalties for murder or attempt to murder, and sexual offenses against women.
Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860
The IPC, drafted in 1860 and effective from January 1, 1862, serves as India’s primary criminal code, encompassing comprehensive provisions for criminal law and punishments.
Criminal Justice System
- The criminal justice system comprises institutions, laws, procedures, and processes designed to maintain social order, prevent and control crime, and ensure accountability for criminal offenses.
- involves stages from investigation and arrest to trial and potential punishment, aiming to uphold the rule of law, protect individual rights, and maintain public safety.
Source: IT
Integration of AI and Machine Learning in the Space Industry
Tag: GS-3 Science and Tech.
In News:
The Indian Government applauds ISRO’s significant progress in incorporating AI and ML in space exploration.
AI and ML Applications in Diverse Space Sectors
Space Exploration and Robotics
- AI-driven robots and rovers autonomously explore distant planets, while ML aids in identifying celestial objects and hazards in space images.
Satellite Operations
- ML analyses satellite images for Earth monitoring, and AI predicts component failures, improving maintenance schedules.
Spacecraft Systems
- AI monitors spacecraft health, predicting failures, and ML optimizes resource usage during missions.
Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition
- AI processes astronomical data for celestial discoveries, and ML distinguishes signals from space noise.
Mission Planning and Decision Making
- AI assesses mission risks, aiding decisions, and ML enables real-time adaptation to unexpected situations.
Optical Communications Optimization
- AI and ML refine optical communication systems, maximizing data transmission rates for interplanetary missions.
Quantum Computing for Space Challenges
- AI harnesses quantum computing for complex calculations, enhancing security for space missions.
Major Challenges in AI and ML for Space
Computational Limitations
- Spacecraft’s limited computational power requires optimized AI algorithms.
Robustness and Reliability
- Space environments pose challenges to AI system reliability and robustness.
Training Data Limitations
- Gathering specific training data for space missions is challenging.
Ethical and Legal Considerations
- Ethical and legal concerns arise in AI decision-making and data privacy.
Future Directions
Edge Computing and Onboard Processing
- Prioritize onboard processing to reduce dependency on Earth-based resources.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration
- Encourage collaboration among diverse fields for comprehensive problem-solving.
Ethical Frameworks and Governance
- Develop global ethical guidelines addressing AI decision-making and privacy in space missions.
| UPSC Previous Year Questions Prelims (2016) Q. Consider the following statements: The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission. made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA. made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans: (c) Mains (2019) Q. What is India’s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme? |
Source: PIB
Climate Finance
Tag: GS-3 Environment
In News:
CEA reaffirms India’s position, emphasizing the need for increased climate funds from developed nations.
Understanding Climate Finance
Definition
- Climate finance encompasses financial support—whether local, national, or transnational—sourced from public, private, and alternative channels.
- Its goal is to aid mitigation and adaptation efforts addressing climate change.
Global Agreements
- The UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement emphasize financial assistance from Developed Countries to Developing Countries, aligning with the principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities” (CBDR).
- COP26 witnessed new financial commitments to support adaptation in developing countries.
Significance
- Climate finance is crucial for both mitigations, requiring substantial investments to reduce emissions, and adaptation, needing resources to cope with climate change impacts.
- Recognizing the diverse contributions and capacities of countries, developed nations are urged to lead in mobilizing climate finance.
Role in Temperature Limitation
- Climate finance plays a critical role in addressing climate change issues and achieving the goal of limiting the Earth’s temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius, as projected by the 2018 IPCC report.
USD 100 Billion Target and its Importance
Origins
- In 2009, COP15 set a target of USD 100 billion annually by 2020, formally recognized at COP16.
- COP21 extended the goal through 2025, and COP26 confirmed the commitment to double adaptation finance by 2025.
Importance
- The USD 100 billion target is essential for meaningful mitigation actions, transparency, and addressing the needs of developing countries.
- Post-COP26, a consensus emerged to double adaptation finance, emphasizing the balance between adaptation and mitigation efforts.
Green Financing
UNFCCC Framework
- UNFCCC established a financial framework to allocate resources to developing nations.
- The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has served as the financial mechanism’s operating institution, with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) designated as an operating entity.
Other Funds
- Parties established special funds, including the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), and the Adaptation Fund (AF).
- These funds align with the Paris Agreement.
India’s Climate Finance Initiatives
National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC)
- Established in 2015, NAFCC supports climate change adaptation costs for vulnerable Indian states and Union Territories.
National Clean Energy Fund
- Created to promote clean energy, the fund supports research and development in both fossil and non-fossil fuel-based sectors.
National Adaptation Fund
- Established in 2014, this fund operates under the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change to bridge the gap between climate change adaptation needs and available funds.
The Path Ahead
Global Cooperation
- Developed countries must collaborate with developing nations, facilitating clean energy transitions and climate-resilient infrastructure financing to meet the $100 billion goal.
Political Commitment
- Sustaining political commitment is crucial for generating new finance, ensuring targeted emission reductions, and addressing vulnerabilities.
Learning and Improving
- Drawing lessons from recent experiences, particularly with the Green Climate Fund, is essential for ongoing efforts in climate finance.
| UPSC Previous Year Questions Prelims (2016) Q. With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct? The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN, and it will go into effect in 2017. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2ºC or even 1.5ºC above pre-industrial levels. Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans: (b) EXP: The Paris Agreement was adopted in December 2015 at COP21 in Paris, France by the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2°C or even 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Hence, statement 2 is correct. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016, thirty days after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas emissions had deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the depositary. Hence, statement 1 is not correct. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change, in line with their own national objectives. The Paris Agreement requires all Parties to put forward their best efforts through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and to strengthen these efforts in the years ahead. This includes requirement that all Parties report regularly on their emissions and on their implementation efforts. There will also be a global stocktake every 5 years to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of the Agreement and to inform further individual actions by the Parties. Through the Cancun Agreements in 2010 developed country Parties committed to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries. Further, they also agreed that prior to 2025 the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall set a new collective quantified goal from a floor of USD 100 billion per year. Hence, statement 3 is not correct. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. Mains (2021) Q. Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference? |
Source: BS
Post Office Bill 2023
Tag: GS-2 Governance
In News:
Recently the Parliament passed the Post office bill 2023.
Key Provisions of the Bill
Objective
- The primary objective of the Bill is to “consolidate and amend the law related to the Post Office in India,” encompassing a range of services beyond traditional mail delivery.
Interception Authority
- Section 9 empowers the Centre, through notification, to authorize officers for the interception, opening, or detention of shipments in the interest of state security, friendly foreign relations, public order, emergencies, public safety, or compliance with other laws.
Customs Transfer
- The Bill allows post officers to transfer postal items to customs authorities if suspected of containing prohibited items or if subject to duty.
Exemptions from Liability
- Section 10 exempts the Post Office and its officers from any liability for loss, mis-delivery, delay, or damage during services, except as prescribed.
Offences and Penalties
- The Bill eliminates many offenses and penalties outlined in the 1898 Act, retaining only non-payment cases, which are recoverable as arrears of land revenue.
Exclusive Privileges
- The Bill removes Section 4 of the 1898 Act, which granted the Centre exclusive privileges for transporting all letters by post.
Inclusion of Private Courier Services
- The 2023 Bill, for the first time, regulates private courier services, bringing them under its regulatory purview.
Extended Powers of Director General
- The Bill extends the authority of the Director General of Postal Services beyond postal operations.
- They are now empowered to oversee activities related to extra services specified by the central government and establish fees without parliamentary approval.
Source: BL
Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC)
Tag: GS-3 Environment
In News:
Recently, rare Polar stratospheric clouds have been observed over Scotland, northern England, and the West Midlands by weather watchers.
Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC): A Brief Overview
Formation
- Also known as nacreous clouds or mother of pearl, owing to their iridescence.
- These clouds develop in extremely cold conditions over Polar Regions, situated within the stratosphere at an altitude of around 12-19 miles (19-31 km), far surpassing the height of ordinary clouds.
- Unlike more common clouds, PSCs consist of smaller ice particles, contributing to their unique appearance through light scattering.
- PSCs typically emerge for the first time in January
Impacts of PSCs
- The frequency of these clouds serves as an indicator of potential ozone depletion, playing a pivotal role in stratospheric chemistry.
- PSCs create a surface for chemical reactions where initially harmless forms of chlorine transform into reactive, ozone-depleting forms.
- Additionally, they eliminate nitrogen compounds that would otherwise mitigate the destructive effects of chlorine on the ozone layer.
Source: IT
RAMP Programme
Tag: GS-3 Economy
In News:
The Minister for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) recently inaugurated three sub-schemes as part of the RAMP program.
About the RAMP Programme
The Raising & Accelerating MSME Performance (RAMP) program, supported by the World Bank, was launched in 2022 to enhance the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India.
Objectives
- Improve access to markets and credit for MSMEs.
- Strengthen institutions and governance at central and state levels.
- Enhance center-state linkages and partnerships.
- Address issues related to delayed payments.
- Facilitate the transition to greener practices for MSMEs.
The National MSME Council, established by the Ministry, serves as the administrative and functional body for the RAMP Programme.
Sub-schemes under RAMP
MSME GIFT Scheme
- The MSME Green Investment and Financing for Transformation Scheme aim to assist MSMEs in adopting green technology through interest subvention and credit guarantee support.
MSE SPICE Scheme
- The MSE Scheme for Promotion and Investment in Circular Economy supports circular economy projects with credit subsidy, contributing to the MSME sector’s goal of achieving zero emissions by 2070.
MSE ODR Scheme
- The MSE Scheme on Online Dispute Resolution for Delayed Payments is a pioneering initiative that combines legal support with modern IT tools and Artificial Intelligence to address instances of delayed payments for Micro and Small Enterprises.
Implementing Agencies
- Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) oversees the MSME GIFT and MSME SPICE schemes.
- National Informatics Centre Services Inc. (NICSI) manages the MSE ODR scheme.
What is Green Technology?
- Green technology refers to a type of technology recognized for its environmentally friendly characteristics, either in its production process or throughout its supply chain.
- It encompasses various fields of scientific research, including energy, atmospheric science, agriculture, material science, and hydrology.
Source: PIB
Valmiki Tiger Reserve
Tag: GS-3 Environment
In News:
The increase in the tiger population within Bihar’s Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) is attributed by authorities to a decline in human activities, notably restrictions on illegal mining within its eco-sensitive zone.
About Valmiki Tiger Reserve
Location
- Situated at the India-Nepal border in the West Champaran district of Bihar, Valmiki Tiger Reserve forms the easternmost limit of the Himalayan Terai forests in India.
- It is the sole tiger reserve in Bihar, comprising Valmiki National Park and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary.
Geographic Zone
- Located in the Gangetic Plains bio-geographic zone, the reserve is bordered by Nepal’s Royal Chitwan National Park in the north and the Gandak River on the western side.
Rivers
- Various rivers, including Gandak, Pandai, Manor, Harha, Masan, and Bhapsa, flow through different parts of the reserve.
Forest Characteristics
- The region’s forest combines bhabar and terai tracts, featuring Moist mixed deciduous, Open-land vegetation, Sub-mountainous semi-evergreen formation, Freshwater swamps, Riparian fringes, Alluvial grasslands, high hill savannah, and Wetlands.
Vegetation
- Prominent flora include Sal, Rohini, sihor, teak, bamboo, semal, Mandar, shisham, Jamun, and Gular.
Wildlife
- The reserve is home to large predators like Tigers, Leopards, and Indian Wild Dogs. Other fauna include Leopard cats, fishing cats, and Deer (sambar, barking deer, and hog deer), among others.
What is Project Tiger
- Launched in 1973 as a centrally sponsored scheme by the Government of India, Project Tiger is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
- The initiative aims to ensure a viable population of the Bengal tiger in its natural habitats, protecting it from extinction, and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage, representing the diverse ecosystems across the tiger’s range in the country.
Source: DTE
The Bhoomi Rashi Portal
Tag: GS-3 Infrastructure
In News:
The Bhoomi Rashi Portal now includes a total of 1467 projects of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), as stated by the Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways.
About Bhoomi Rashi Portal
Overview
- The Bhoomi Rashi Portal is an e-governance initiative launched by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways to streamline the land acquisition process for National Highways in India.
Objective
- The portal serves as a centralized platform for the online processing of land acquisition notifications, expediting the development of highway infrastructure across the country.
Key Features
Bilingual Application
- The portal offers a bilingual interface in Hindi and English for user convenience.
Project Details
- It facilitates the input of project basic details, including land acquisition sanction details.
Land Acquisition Locations
- Provides an interface for adding details of Land Acquisition locations, such as villages.
Competent Authority for Land Acquisition (CALA)
- Includes an interface for CALA details, who is a revenue functionary appointed by the State Government for each NH Project.
Notification Generation
- Offers an interface for generating land acquisition notifications.
Land Details
- Provides an interface for recording land details.
E-Office Management
- Incorporates organizational email IDs for all stakeholders involved in the process flow.
Objections and Processing
- Includes an interface for raising objections and processing them.
Compensation Determination
- Provides an interface for determining and finalizing compensation.
Land Owners and Affected Parties
- Offers an interface for communication with landowners and affected parties.
Reports Generation
- Facilitates the generation of various reports related to the land acquisition process.
Integration with PFMS
- The portal is seamlessly integrated with the Public Financial Management System (PFMS) of the Ministry of Finance. This integration ensures real-time depositing of compensation directly into the accounts of affected or interested persons.
What is the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)?
- The NHAI is India’s premier highway infrastructure development and management authority.
- Operating under the administrative control of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, it was established in February 1995 through the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1998.
- The NHAI is entrusted with the responsibility of developing, maintaining, and managing the National Highways network across the country.
Source: PIB
Mitochondrial Diseases
Tag: GS-3 Environment
In News:
A recent study indicates that approximately 25% of patients with mitochondrial diseases experience malnutrition.
About Mitochondrial Diseases
Overview
- Mitochondrial diseases encompass a group of conditions that impact the functioning of mitochondria in the body.
What are Mitochondria?
- Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles responsible for generating the majority of chemical energy essential for powering the cell’s biochemical reactions.
- This energy is produced by combining oxygen with fuel molecules derived from food, such as sugars and fats.
- The chemical energy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a small molecule.
- Notably, mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA are typically inherited exclusively from the mother.
Impact on Cells
- Defective mitochondria result in insufficient energy within cells, leading to the accumulation of unused oxygen and fuel molecules, causing cellular damage.
- Mitochondrial diseases can affect various parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, muscles, kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, ears, and pancreas.
Causes
- Primary mitochondrial diseases stem from genetic mutations and often manifest before the age of 20, with some being more prevalent in infants.
- Secondary mitochondrial diseases occur when mitochondria function inadequately due to other underlying diseases or conditions.
Symptoms
- The symptoms of mitochondrial diseases vary based on the extent of defective mitochondria and their location in the body.
- While some cases may affect only specific organs, tissues, or cell types, others can have a broader impact.
- Muscular and neurological problems are common due to the high energy requirements of muscle and nerve cells.
Treatment
- While there are no cures for mitochondrial diseases, various treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and slow down disease progression.
- Treatment options may include physical therapy, vitamins and supplements, specialized diets, and medications.
What are Organelles?
Organelles are subcellular structures with specific functions within a cell, comparable to organs in the human body. Essential cell organelles include nuclei, responsible for storing genetic information; mitochondria, involved in producing chemical energy; and ribosomes, responsible for assembling proteins.
Source: ME
Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)
Tag: GS-3 Economy
In News:
SAT recently overturned SEBI’s one-year securities market ban on the Future Retail chairperson and other promoters in an insider trading case.
About Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)
Formation and Authority
- SAT was established as a statutory and independent body by the provisions outlined in the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992.
- Its primary purpose is to adjudicate appeals against orders issued by SEBI or an adjudicating officer under the SEBI Act.
Jurisdiction
- SAT has jurisdiction over appeals concerning orders from various regulatory bodies, including the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), in addition to those from SEBI.
Composition
- SAT comprises one Presiding Officer and a determined number of Judicial and Technical members, as decided by the Central Government.
- The Presiding Officer and Judicial Members are appointed in consultation with the Chief Justice of India or its nominee, ensuring qualifications such as previous judicial experience.
Tenure
- The tenure for the Presiding Officer and other members is five years from the date of appointment, with the possibility of reappointment for an additional term of up to five years.
- However, no member shall hold office beyond the age of 70.
Powers and Functions
- SAT is endowed with powers equivalent to a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure when adjudicating suits.
- It holds the authority to hear appeals on questions of law.
Appeal Mechanism
- Any person aggrieved by an order of SEBI or an adjudicating officer has the right to appeal to SAT.
- Appeals against SAT’s orders can further be filed in the Supreme Court, limited to questions of law.
What is the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)?
SEBI is a statutory regulatory body established by the Government of India in 1992 through the SEBI Act. It functions to regulate the securities market in India and safeguard the interests of investors in securities.
Source: BS
Case Study of the day – Kalika Chetarike
Functioning of the Program
Kalika Chetarike was formulated to overcome the limitations of traditional teaching methods and enhance students’ educational outcomes through a focus on activity-based learning. The program champions experiential learning, encouraging students to actively engage in hands-on activities, experiments, projects, and group discussions. Emphasizing critical thinking, problem-solving skills, creativity, and collaborative learning, Kalika Chetarike extends its influence to subjects such as science, mathematics, social sciences, and languages.
Implementation Process
Curriculum Development: A team of experts, comprising educators and subject specialists, devised an activity-based curriculum that aligns with the state education framework. The curriculum’s goal was to integrate practical applications and real-life examples, ensuring that learning becomes more relatable and engaging for students.
Teacher Training: To facilitate the successful execution of Kalika Chetarike, teachers underwent extensive training on activity-based teaching methodologies. Workshops and seminars were conducted to familiarize teachers with the new curriculum, teaching techniques, and effective ways of incorporating activities into their lessons.
Infrastructure and Resources: The government allocated funds to furnish schools with essential infrastructure, including laboratories, libraries, audio-visual aids, and activity kits. These resources were indispensable for conducting experiments, demonstrations, and group activities.
Monitoring and Evaluation: The program implemented a robust monitoring and evaluation mechanism to assess the effectiveness of Kalika Chetarike. Regular assessments, classroom observations, and feedback from teachers and students were collected to gauge the impact of the activity-based learning approach.
Impact of Kalika Chetarike
Enhanced Learning Outcomes: The introduction of activity-based learning has positively influenced students’ academic performance, fostering better conceptual understanding, knowledge retention, and the application of learned concepts in real-world scenarios.
Increased Student Engagement: Kalika Chetarike has significantly elevated student engagement in the classroom. The hands-on activities and interactive learning methods have made the educational experience enjoyable and interactive, reducing boredom and absenteeism among students.
Development of 21st-Century Skills: The program has nurtured crucial 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and creativity. Students are now better equipped to confront real-world challenges and excel in higher education and future careers.
Teacher Empowerment: The training provided to teachers has empowered them to embrace innovative teaching practices, fostering their professional growth. Teachers have reported increased job satisfaction and improved classroom management skills.
Challenges in Implementation
Resistance to Change: The implementation of a novel teaching approach necessitates a substantial shift in mindset and pedagogical practices, a shift that may encounter resistance from some teachers, parents, and policymakers.
Resource Constraints: Ensuring the sustainable implementation of Kalika Chetarike requires the adequate allocation of resources, encompassing funds, infrastructure, and teaching aids.
Scalability: Expanding the program to encompass a larger number of schools and students across the state demands meticulous planning, coordination, and support from the government and educational institutions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What are daily current affairs?
A: Daily current affairs refer to the most recent and relevant events, developments, and news stories that are happening around the world on a day-to-day basis. These can encompass a wide range of topics, including politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and more.
Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?
A: Staying updated with daily current affairs is crucial because it helps individuals make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives. It enables people to understand the world around them, stay aware of significant events, and engage in informed discussions about important issues.
Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?
A: There are various sources for daily current affairs, including newspapers, news websites, television news broadcasts, radio programs, and dedicated apps or newsletters. Social media platforms are also widely used to share and access current affairs information.
Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?
A: To incorporate daily current affairs into your routine, consider setting aside specific times each day to read or watch news updates. You can also subscribe to newsletters or follow news apps to receive curated content. Engaging in discussions with peers or participating in online forums can further enhance your understanding of current events.
Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?
A: When analyzing daily current affairs, it’s essential to cross-reference information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy. Additionally, consider the source’s credibility and bias, if any. Develop the ability to identify the main points and implications of news stories, and critically evaluate the significance and impact of the events reported.
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