Introduction:
The “30*30 Initiative” aims to preserve 30% of the world’s land and ocean by 2030, a critical strategy embedded in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Biodiversity Conservation:
- Protecting Critical Habitats: The initiative focuses on safeguarding vital ecosystems like forests, wetlands, coral reefs, and grasslands, preserving diverse species. Example: Kruger National Park conserves iconic species like elephants and lions.
- Preserving Endangered Species: By shielding species from habitat loss, fragmentation, and human threats, the initiative ensures the survival of endangered species. Example: Efforts in Borneo’s Danum Valley protect orangutans and pygmy elephants.
- Promoting Ecosystem Resilience: Large-scale protection allows ecosystems to thrive, benefiting habitat health, productivity, and numerous species. Example: Yellowstone National Park aids ecosystem resilience through wolf reintroduction.
Climate Change Mitigation:
- Carbon Sequestration: Protected areas store carbon dioxide, countering climate change by cutting emissions. Example: Amazon rainforest protection contributes to carbon sequestration.
- Climate Biodiversity Resilience: Protected areas aid climate adaptation by sheltering species and mitigating extreme weather. Example: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park sustains biodiversity and communities.
- Water Cycle Regulation: Healthy ecosystems regulate water cycles, mitigating floods and droughts. Example: Vilcanota-Urubamba Basin contributes to water regulation.
Obstacles Faced by India:
- Population Pressure and Land Use: High population density and land demand pose challenges. Urbanization, agriculture, and infrastructure projects cause habitat loss, endangering biodiversity in states like Assam and Manipur.
- Limited Financial Resources: Insufficient funding hinders effective management of protected areas. Sariska Tiger Reserve lacks resources for monitoring, anti-poaching, and restoration.
- Illegal Wildlife Trade and Poaching: Inadequate enforcement and limited anti-poaching resources lead to risks for species like Indian tigers, threatened by illegal wildlife trade.
Conclusion:
The 30*30 Initiative holds global significance, offering biodiversity and climate benefits. India faces challenges, but with leadership and sustainable development, it can contribute significantly to achieving this ambitious conservation goal.
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