Embarking on the journey of preparing for the UPSC Mains examination with Anthropology as an optional subject requires a strategic approach, and delving into the previous year questions can be a valuable compass in navigating the vast syllabus. In this blog series, we will unravel the intricacies of the Economic Organization section of Anthropology Optional, focusing specifically on the questions asked from 2013 to 2023 in the UPSC Mains. Understanding economic structures and their cultural underpinnings is essential for aspirants aiming to excel in this optional subject. By dissecting these questions, we aim to provide insights into the examiner’s mindset, highlight recurring themes, and offer a comprehensive overview of the evolving patterns over the past decade.
Anthropology as an optional subject in UPSC Mains is both fascinating and challenging, requiring candidates to explore the complexities of human societies, cultures, and their economic dynamics. The Economic Organization section, in particular, scrutinizes the intricate web of economic activities within different societies and the role of culture in shaping these structures. As we navigate through the years, this blog series will serve as a roadmap for aspirants, aiding them in identifying key areas of focus, understanding the nuances of question patterns, and honing their analytical skills. Whether you are a seasoned aspirant or a newcomer to the field, join us on this insightful exploration of Anthropology Optional’s Economic Organization, as we decode the past and pave the way for a successful future in the UPSC Mains examination.
Economic organization – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Anthropology Optional)
Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems.
1. “Economics relations are an aspect of social relations.” Justify. (200 words) (1981)
2. Distinguish the modes of exchange in primitive society from those of the peasant society. (1982)
3. Social processes function to coordinate economic exchange and redistribution.Discuss. (1985)
4. Discuss the meaning and scope of economic anthropology. Explain the method of exchange in the context of simple societies. (1987)
5. Write a note on Tribal Markets.(1988)
6. Discuss the role of reciprocity and redistribution in tribal economy with examples. (1988)
7. Discuss the meaning and scope of economic anthropology. (1990)
8. Define market. Discuss the nature and role of market in tribal Countries.(1992)
9. Critically examine the view of formal and substantive schools of thought in Economic Anthropology. (1993)
10. Describe the economic organization of gathering hunting tribes..Illustrate your answer from that of Indian situation. (1994)
11. Delineate the meaning and scope of economic anthropology and discuss the principle that govern production, distribution and consumption in hunting and gathering communities. (1997)
12. Write a note on Kula Ring (2003)
13. “Primitive economic organization has several peculiar features relating to the production, consumption, distribution and exchange.” Discuss the above statement by providing appropriate illustrations. (2003)
14. Write a note on Ceremonial Exchange (2004)
15. Write a note on Trade and Barter (2005)
16. Critically discuss the formalist and substantivist approaches in the context of economic anthropology. (2005)
17. Critically examine the debate between Formalists and Substantivists. (2011)
18. Discuss the impact of globalization on tribal economy. (350 words) (2013)
19. Write a note in 150 words on Horticulture. (2015)
20. Critically examine the Formalists and Substantivists’ views on the applicability of economic laws in the study of primitive societies. (2015)
21. Discuss the principles governing production, distribution and exchange in simple societies. (2016)
22. With the help of appropriate examples,explain the various forms of exchange system. (2017)
23. Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy. (2018)
24. Write a note in 150 words on Pastoralism in India (2019)
25. Discuss how indigenous people encounter globalization. (2019)
26. Write notes on : Modes of Subsistence.(in about 150 words) (2021)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the significance of studying Economic Organization in Anthropology?
A: Understanding Economic Organization in Anthropology is crucial for unraveling the intricate relationships between culture and economic structures within human societies. This knowledge provides insights into how communities organize their economic activities, trade systems, and resource distribution, offering a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics that shape human societies.
Q: How does Economic Organization differ across diverse cultures and societies?
A: Economic Organization varies significantly across cultures due to factors such as historical context, environmental influences, and cultural values. Some societies may rely on subsistence agriculture, while others thrive on complex trade networks or industrial activities. Exploring these variations enhances our appreciation for the diversity of economic systems worldwide.
Q: What role does culture play in shaping Economic Organization?
A: Culture plays a pivotal role in shaping Economic Organization as it influences people’s values, beliefs, and norms regarding economic activities. Cultural factors impact the choice of economic systems, resource management practices, and the distribution of wealth within a society. Studying this interplay provides valuable insights into the underlying fabric of human communities.
Q: How has globalization impacted Economic Organization in contemporary societies?
A: Globalization has significantly influenced Economic Organization by connecting societies on a global scale through trade, technology, and cultural exchange. This has led to both opportunities and challenges, transforming traditional economic structures and impacting local communities. Analyzing these effects is crucial for understanding the modern dynamics of Economic Organization.
Q: What are the key challenges faced by researchers when studying Economic Organization in Anthropology?
A: Researchers studying Economic Organization in Anthropology often encounter challenges such as obtaining accurate data on economic activities, navigating cultural biases, and addressing ethical considerations. Additionally, the dynamic nature of economic systems requires a multidisciplinary approach, making it essential to integrate insights from sociology, economics, and other relevant fields.
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