Welcome to the intriguing world of Anthropology, where the study of human societies, cultures, and behaviors unfolds like a captivating narrative. We delve into a significant aspect of Anthropology, particularly the optional topic of Marriage in the UPSC Mains exam. Over the past decade (2013-2023), the UPSC has presented aspirants with thought-provoking questions on Marriage, providing a unique lens through which candidates can analyze societal structures, kinship systems, and the evolution of matrimonial customs. In this blog series, we will embark on a journey through the annals of UPSC examinations, dissecting and discussing the nuances of the Marriage topic to equip aspirants with the insights and knowledge essential for success in this competitive arena.
Anthropology as an optional subject in the UPSC Mains holds immense potential for candidates aiming to comprehend the complexities of human societies. The Marriage topic, in particular, stands as a microcosm of societal dynamics, reflecting cultural diversity, historical changes, and contemporary challenges. By revisiting previous year questions spanning a decade, we aim to unravel patterns, themes, and the evolving nature of inquiries posed by the UPSC. Whether you are a seasoned aspirant or a newcomer to the world of Civil Services, join us in this exploration of Anthropology’s Marriage topic, gaining a deeper understanding of human relationships and societal structures that will undoubtedly contribute to your success in the UPSC Mains examination.
Marriage – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains Anthropology Optional)
Definition and Universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Types of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry)
1. “Marriage payments are an example of reciprocity between two social groups.” Elaborate. (200 words) (1981)
2. Marriage institution is found in all societies and at all times. Discuss. (1982)
3. Incest is universally the basis of enduring family. Comment. (1983)
4. Endogamy and preferential marriage are characteristic of closed societies. Discuss. (1983)
5. Define Marriage. Describe its different forms with suitable examples as prevalent among the tribal people of India. Point out the functions of marriage. (1989)
6. Describe the problems of universal definition of marriage. Describe the different forms of marriage among the tribal people of India. (1991)
7. Write a note on Incest Taboos (2006)
8. Write a note in 150 words on Ways of acquiring a spouse in simpler societies (2012)
9. Where do you situate ‘live-in relationship’ within the institution of marriage ? (250 words) (2013)
10. Define marriage and describe the various types of marriages in human societies. (2014)
11. Write a note in 150 words on Incest Taboos. (2015)
12. Discuss the different forms of preferential marriage with suitable examples from tribal societies in India. (2017)
13. Write a note in 150 words on Ways of Acquiring Mate in Tribal Society (2018)
14. Write notes on “Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory” in about words. (2020)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the significance of studying marriage in Anthropology?
A: Understanding marriage in Anthropology goes beyond personal relationships. It provides insights into cultural norms, societal structures, and kinship systems. By studying marriage, anthropologists gain a profound understanding of how communities define family, inheritance, and social roles, offering a comprehensive view of human societies.
Q: How has the concept of marriage evolved over time across different cultures?
A: Marriage is a dynamic institution that varies across cultures and eras. Exploring its evolution unveils changes in social, economic, and political landscapes. Anthropologists analyze these shifts to comprehend the adaptive nature of marriage, shedding light on the factors influencing its transformations across diverse societies.
Q: What role does marriage play in shaping gender roles and expectations?
A: Marriage often reflects and reinforces societal expectations regarding gender roles. Anthropological studies delve into how marriage contributes to the construction and perpetuation of gender norms. Examining these dynamics provides valuable insights into the power structures within societies and the ways in which they impact individuals.
Q: How do cross-cultural perspectives on marriage contribute to global diversity and understanding?
A: Marriage practices vary widely across cultures, showcasing the rich tapestry of human diversity. Studying cross-cultural perspectives on marriage allows us to appreciate the uniqueness of each society. This comparative analysis not only fosters cultural sensitivity but also helps identify commonalities that bind humanity together.
Q: In what ways does marriage intersect with economic and political structures in societies?
A: Marriage is intricately linked to economic and political dimensions within societies. Anthropologists explore how marriage acts as a social institution influencing wealth distribution, power dynamics, and political alliances. By examining these intersections, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the broader societal implications of matrimonial practices.
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