Ecology & Environment – General Studies

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, is a legislative measure enacted by the Indian Parliament to safeguard plant and animal species. 

The World Forestry Congress is a recurring event held every six years. The most recent congress, organized by the Republic of Korea in collaboration with FAO, marked the second time the event took place in Asia. 

Established in 2003 by IUCN, WWF, and the Forestry Commission of Great Britain, the Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape Restoration (GPFLR) is an active network that unites governments, organizations, communities, and individuals with a shared objective. 

The adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) took place during the fifteenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP-15) of the CBD after an extensive four-year consultation and negotiation process. 

This is among several demands and targets articulated in the official draft of the new Global Biodiversity Framework.

At the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), India emphasized the challenges faced by developing nations in meeting conservation targets

governments unanimously endorsed the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 along with its Aichi Biodiversity Targets. 

Adopted during the 31st session of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome in November 2001, this comprehensive and legally binding agreement officially came into effect on June 29, 2004. 

The Nagoya Protocol is a global agreement designed to ensure the just and equitable distribution of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. 

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety functions as an extension to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Biosafety, in this context, pertains to the imperative need to shield human health and the environment from potential risks associated with modern biotechnology products.