Ecology & Environment – General Studies

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), commonly known as the Biodiversity Convention or the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), is a multilateral treaty

An environmental movement refers to a social or political initiative aimed at either conserving the environment or enhancing its overall condition. 

The Western and Eastern Ghats, two parallel mountain ranges running along the western and eastern coasts of India respectively, stand as vital ecological treasures and cultural landmarks.

Wildlife corridors, also recognized as wildlife crossings or Eco Bridges, serve as connections between two extensive areas of similar wildlife habitat, fostering enhanced wildlife connectivity. 

Biodiversity conservation involves the protection of the variety of species and organisms essential to nature. 

Ex-situ conservation has expanded beyond safeguarding vulnerable species, now incorporating cryopreservation technology. This allows gametes of endangered species to be stored in a viable and fertile state for extended periods. 

Sacred groves are collectively safeguarded woodlands typically holding profound religious significance for the community responsible for their protection.

The State Government holds the authority to designate any communal or private land as a Community Reserves, provided that the concerned community members or individuals consent to dedicating these areas to safeguard fauna, flora, as well as their traditions, cultures, and practices. 

Oversight of these areas is managed by a Conservation Reserve Management Committee. Upon consultation with local communities, the State Government has the authority to designate any government-owned area as a conservation reserve. 

the boundaries of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries as eco-fragile zones or Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986.