Economy Notes

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a pivotal strategy in India’s ambitious initiatives such as Swachh Bharat and Affordable Housing.

Green Bonds are financial instruments designed to raise capital for projects that have positive environmental impacts. These bonds are typically issued by governments,

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) represent a dynamic and innovative approach to addressing societal challenges and fostering sustainable development.

The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) stands as a cornerstone of India’s strategic approach towards fostering economic growth and development through

Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contracts and turnkey projects are cornerstones of the construction and infrastructure industries.

Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are financial instruments that have gained prominence in recent years as avenues for investment in infrastructure and real estate assets respectively

To address the need for long-term funds at lower costs, Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs) have been introduced in India. These funds serve as channels for attracting long-term debt from various sources, including domestic and foreign pension and insurance funds.

The Plug and Play model represents a transformative approach to infrastructure projects, characterized by its modular and adaptable nature.

Viability Gap Funding constitutes a grant allocated to infrastructure projects that possess economic feasibility but encounter a shortfall in financing.

Take-out Financing is a financial arrangement in which a long-term investor or financial institution takes over the debt obligation from a commercial bank