The evolution of towns is a complex and multifaceted process shaped by a myriad of factors, with morphological elements playing a crucial role in both the origin and growth of these urban centers. Morphology, in the context of urban development, refers to the form, structure, and layout of a town, encompassing its physical features and spatial organization. This examination delves into the intricate relationship between morphology and the emergence as well as expansion of towns, shedding light on how the physical characteristics of a settlement contribute to its genesis, evolution, and overall functionality. By exploring the morphological factors that influence towns, we gain valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between human settlement patterns and the geographical and environmental contexts in which they thrive.
Answer
Morphology refer to the shape (Settlement Pattern) and size of settlement complex along with the internal factors (Location, Terrain, Critical resource like water, Land zonation etc.) that condition the physical characteristics of a settlement.
Changing Size and Shape of settlement complex with time-Important morphological factor in origin and growth of towns.
Factors responsible for changing Size
- Population growth,increase the size of settlement complexes, both directly and indirectly(increase in the demand for goods and services, which attract businesses and people) Eg.Population of Delhi has increased from 9.4 million in 1991 to 16.7 million in 2011 leading to proliferation of slums and squatter settlements in and around Delhi
- In migration increase the size of settlement complexes Eg.Population of Houston increased from 1.7 million in 1991 to 2.1 million in 2011,largely due to migration from Mexico and other Latin American countries.
- Economic development, an important factor that drives the growth of settlement complexes. Eg.Population of Shanghai has increased from 13.4 million in 1991 to 23.0 million in 2011 due to rapid economic growth of china
- Other factors being Technological change and Government policies.
Factors responsible for changing Shape
- Development of new industries can lead to the growth of new suburbs and exurbs Eg.Manufacturing industry in Shenzhen,growth of a vast new metropolis around the city.
- Growth of the service sector leads to the development of new central business districts. Eg.IT industry in Bangalore,growth of new suburbs around city
- Growth of tourism can lead to the development of new resort areas. Eg.Growth of the tourism industry in Goa,development of new resort areas along the coast.
- New transportation technologies,made it easier for people to live in suburbs and exurbs while working in central cities Eg.Growth of Delhi metro,development of Noida,gurgaon as major real estate development hotspots.
The origin and growth of towns are shaped by a complex interaction of morphological factors,Understanding these influences is crucial for effective urban planning and sustainable development.
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