The relationship between India and the Maldives has evolved into a multifaceted strategic partnership, marked by historical ties, geographical proximity, and shared cultural affinities. Over the years, India has played a crucial role in supporting the Maldives in various areas, including economic development, infrastructure projects, and capacity-building initiatives. The two nations have collaborated closely on issues such as maritime security, counter-terrorism, and climate change. Furthermore, diplomatic engagements and high-level visits have strengthened the bilateral ties, fostering mutual trust and understanding. Despite occasional challenges, the India-Maldives relationship reflects a commitment to regional stability and prosperity, highlighting the significance of collaborative efforts in addressing shared concerns and promoting sustainable development in the Indian Ocean region.
Tag: GS-2 IR
In News:
The article discusses the recent diplomatic tensions arising from the visit of the Indian Prime Minister to Lakshadweep, which has led to controversy in the relations between India and Maldives.
Significance of India-Maldives Relationship
Strategic Importance
- Neighbourhood First Policy Focus
- Maldives’ strategic location in the Indian Ocean makes it a focal point for India’s Neighbourhood First Policy.
- Proximity to India’s west coast and its role in commercial sea lanes contribute to its strategic significance.
- India as First Responder
- Historical instances, such as Operation Cactus in 1988 and swift responses during crises, establish India as a reliable first responder.
- Collaboration in addressing events like the 2004 Tsunami and the water crisis in 2014 further solidifies bilateral trust.
- Net Security Provider
- Recognized as a Net Security Provider, India plays a crucial role in maintaining safety and security in the Indian Ocean Region.
- Joint exercises and defense partnerships contribute to the Security And Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) vision.
Economic and Trade Engagements
- Tourism Economy
- India’s significant contribution to Maldives’ tourism sector, with 2023 seeing the largest number of Indian tourists.
- Bilateral trade surpassing USD 300 million and the signing of currency swap agreements enhance economic ties.
- Development and Capacity Building
- Infrastructure projects like the Greater Male Connectivity Project (GMCP) and the Hanimaadhoo International Airport Development.
- India’s contributions in healthcare, education, and defense training underscore development and capacity-building efforts.
- Cultural Connectivity
- Deep-rooted ethnic, linguistic, and cultural links between India and Maldives.
- The presence of a substantial Indian expatriate community and shared historical linguistic roots strengthen cultural bonds.
Key Issues in the India-Maldives Relationship
- Lakshadweep Issue
- Recent controversy surrounding derogatory comments by Maldivian ministers regarding India’s presence in Lakshadweep.
- Impact on tourism and the broader implications of hypernationalism in the region.
- India Out Campaign
- Opposition to India’s involvement, manifested in the ‘India Out’ initiative.
- Divergence in policies, with the new government expressing reservations about Indian defense presence.
- Sovereignty and Security Dilemma
- Differing perspectives on Indian military presence, with the opposition considering it a threat to sovereignty.
- Balancing national security concerns against potential antagonism from the ‘India Out’ campaign.
- Hydrographic Survey Agreement Revocation
- Maldives’ decision to revoke the agreement, citing concerns about intelligence collection.
- Implications for bilateral cooperation in maritime security.
- China Factor
- Growing Chinese influence, marked by significant investments and participation in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
- Setbacks in the relationship, including the Free-Trade Agreement (FTA) and potential concerns about a Chinese naval base.
The Way Forward
- Discover and Develop Tourism Destinations in India
- Exploring undiscovered beach destinations along India’s coastline.
- Investment in infrastructure and enhanced connectivity for tourist accessibility.
- Step into the Footsteps of the Gujral Doctrine
- Prioritizing diplomatic dialogues for addressing concerns and building trust.
- Strengthening regional alliances and engaging with the local population to counter the ‘India Out’ campaign.
- Unwavering Support for Capacity Building Programs
- Continued support for Maldives’ socio-economic development and democratic institutions.
- Meeting the aspirations of the Maldivian people through collaborative initiatives.
- Apply Prudence in International Affairs
- Advising smaller nations to exercise prudence in dealing with neighbors.
- Avoiding needless provocations for maintaining positive diplomatic relations.
- Craft a Comprehensive Indian Ocean Strategy to Counter China
- Maximizing maritime security efforts to ensure freedom of navigation.
- Active participation in regional security initiatives, including humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.
Conclusion
Despite occasional controversies, the enduring regional and geopolitical significance of India emphasizes the paramount importance of fostering relations with the Maldives. A coordinated approach aligning India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy with the Maldives’ ‘India First’ approach is crucial for a mutually beneficial partnership.
| UPSC Previous Year Questions Prelims (2014) Q. Which one of the following pairs of islands is separated from each other by the ‘Ten Degree Channel’? (a) Andaman and Nicobar (b) Nicobar and Sumatra (c) Maldives and Lakshadweep (d) Sumatra and Java Ans: A Mains (2013) Q. Discuss the political developments in the Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause for concern to India? |
Source: IE
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQ: What is the historical context of India-Maldives relations?
Answer: India and Maldives share a long history of cultural, economic, and diplomatic ties. The relationship dates back to ancient times, marked by cultural exchanges, maritime trade, and geographical proximity. In the modern era, diplomatic relations were officially established in 1965, and both nations have since worked towards strengthening their bilateral cooperation.
FAQ: What are the key areas of cooperation between India and Maldives?
Answer: India and Maldives collaborate in various sectors, including defense, trade, tourism, and development assistance. Defense cooperation involves joint exercises, training programs, and maritime security initiatives. Additionally, economic ties have expanded with trade agreements, investments, and joint infrastructure projects, while cultural exchanges further enhance people-to-people ties.
FAQ: How has India supported Maldives during times of crisis?
Answer: India has been a reliable partner in times of need for Maldives. During crises such as natural disasters or health emergencies, India has provided immediate humanitarian aid, including medical assistance, relief supplies, and disaster response teams. This assistance reflects the strong bond of friendship and solidarity between the two nations.
FAQ: What role does India play in the development of Maldives?
Answer: India actively participates in the socio-economic development of Maldives through various initiatives. Development assistance includes projects in infrastructure, healthcare, education, and renewable energy. India’s support aims to contribute to Maldives’ sustainable development and enhance the well-being of its citizens.
FAQ: How do geopolitical factors influence the India-Maldives relationship?
Answer: Geopolitical considerations play a role in shaping the India-Maldives relationship. Given their strategic locations in the Indian Ocean region, both countries collaborate on issues of regional security and stability. The relationship is also influenced by the broader geopolitical dynamics in the Indo-Pacific, emphasizing the significance of maintaining a cooperative and mutually beneficial partnership.
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