Migration Matters is a critical and contemporary issue analyzed in the UPSC Daily Editorials. The dynamics of migration encompass a wide range of economic, social, and political dimensions that significantly impact both the origin and destination regions. Understanding migration trends is crucial for policy formulation, national security, and socio-economic development. These editorial analyses provide insights into the causes, consequences, and policy responses to migration, offering a comprehensive understanding necessary for aspirants preparing for the UPSC examination. Through these discussions, candidates gain a nuanced perspective on how migration shapes and is shaped by broader global and domestic factors.
Tag: GS – 1 Salient Features of Indian Society, Population and Associated Issues, Social Empowerment, Diversity of India, Types of Resources
In News:
A recent article delves into the multifaceted nature of mobility, encompassing both internal migration within a country and migration to foreign nations, as well as the inherent challenges associated with these movements.
Understanding Migration
- Definition: Migration involves individuals crossing international boundaries or moving within a state from their usual place of residence, as per the International Organization for Migration.
- Analysis: Examining changes in migration regarding scale, direction, demographics, and frequency aids in policy development and intervention strategies.
Forms and Patterns of Migration
- Internal Migration: Movement within a country categorized by origin and destination, including rural-urban, intra-state, and inter-state migration.
- External Migration: Also known as international migration, involves individuals or families moving between countries due to various factors such as economic opportunities, education, family reunification, or seeking asylum.
- Forced and Voluntary Migration: Forced migration occurs due to factors like war or persecution, while voluntary migration is driven by better economic prospects or improved quality of life.
- Temporary and Permanent Migration: Temporary migration is short-term, while permanent migration involves settling in a new location.
- Reverse Migration: Individuals or families returning to their country of origin after previously migrating elsewhere.
Reasons for Migration
- Economic Factors: Push factors include poverty and joblessness, while pull factors include better job prospects and higher pay.
- Socio-cultural Factors: Influence migration for reasons like marriage, family reunification, or cultural preservation.
- Political Factors: Instability, conflicts, and government policies can compel migration.
- Environmental Factors: Natural disasters, climate change, and developmental projects can force migration.
- Developmental Projects: Projects like dams and river linking can lead to displacement and migration.
Impacts of Migration
- Positive Impacts: Economic growth, social change, cultural diversity, improved quality of life, innovation, and labor market flexibility.
- Negative Impacts: Demographic changes, environmental strain, social tensions, and family disruptions.
Challenges Associated with Migration
- Inadequate Social Security and Health Benefits
- Limited Portability of State-provided Benefits
- Scarcity of Affordable Housing and Basic Amenities
- Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Exploitation and Discrimination
Addressing Migration Challenges
- Incorporating comprehensive social security measures
- Providing basic amenities
- Promoting integration and inclusion
- Investing in skill development and job creation
- Developing counter-magnet cities
- Implementing labor market policies
- Enforcing regulation and worker protection.
| UPSC Previous Year Questions Mains (2015) Q. Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades. |
Source: BS
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQ 1: What are the main causes of migration in India?
Answer: Migration in India is primarily driven by various economic, social, and environmental factors:
- Economic Factors: Employment opportunities, better wages, and improved living conditions are major economic drivers. Rural-urban migration is common as people move to cities for better job prospects.
- Social Factors: Education, marriage, and family reunification are significant social reasons for migration.
- Environmental Factors: Natural disasters, climate change, and environmental degradation force people to move from rural to urban areas or from one region to another.
In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.
For UPSC Prelims Resources, Click here
For Daily Updates and Study Material:
Join our Telegram Channel – Edukemy for IAS
- 1. Learn through Videos – here
- 2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs – here
- 3. Daily Newsletter – Get all your Current Affairs Covered – here
- 4. Mains Answer Writing Practice – here
