Delving into the dynamic realm of the Civil Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), aspirants often find themselves navigating through a multitude of optional subjects. Among these, Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) stands out as a popular choice, attracting candidates with its intellectual depth and contemporary relevance. In this blog series, we embark on an insightful journey through the UPSC Mains examinations from 2013 to 2023, unraveling the intricacies of the PSIR optional section. Our focus will be on the ‘State in Comparative Perspective,’ an indispensable segment of the PSIR syllabus. By meticulously analyzing and presenting the previous year questions within this thematic domain, aspirants can gain a nuanced understanding of the evolving trends and expectations set by UPSC over the past decade.
As we unravel the threads of the PSIR optional questions, we aim to equip UPSC aspirants with a comprehensive perspective on the intricacies of the ‘State in Comparative Perspective.’ By deconstructing the patterns observed in the questions from 2013 to 2023, we strive to empower candidates with the knowledge and strategic insights necessary to tackle this section effectively. Join us in this exploration of the past, as we decipher the UPSC’s perspective on the state and its comparative analysis, providing a roadmap for those navigating the challenging landscape of the PSIR optional in the UPSC Mains examination.
State in Comparative Perspective – Previous Year Questions (UPSC CSE Mains PSIR Optional)
Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.
1. How far has interdependence among states undermined sovereignty? (1991)
2. Comment: Military Industrial Complex. (1992)
3. ‘Despite a number of trends to the contrary, the State has been and remains the primary actor in the global system. Elucidate the statement by analysing the factors which helped create State and the reasons for the primacy of States as actors in International Relations. (1992)
4. “Although transnationalism is an important force in contemporary world politics, it is premature to speak of the demise of the nation-state, given the continued attachment to nationalism felt throughout the world.” In the light of this statement, discuss the role of nation-state as an actor in international relations. (1996)
5. “Nations and States have become virtually synonymous.” Elucidate. (200 words) (2012)
6. ‘A minimal State ensures maximum of Individual Liberty.’ Examine the concept of Minimal State. (200 words) (2013)
7. Do you subscribe to the view that the modern constructs of the State and politics are preeminently Eurocentric and not indigenous and appropriate for the analysis of non- western societies? (2015)
8. “A combination of internal pressures (Ethnic and regional forces) and external threats (EU, UN, TNC, Global market, etc.) has produced what is commonly referred to as a ‘crisis of the nation-state’.” Elaborate. (2016)
9. Describe the changing nature of the State in the developing societies in the context of inclusive growth in the 21“century. (2018)
10. The modernization thesis asserts that affluence breeds stable democracy. How do you explain the success of India being the world’s largest democracy as an exceptional case? (2021)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What does the ‘State in Comparative Perspective’ entail in the PSIR optional syllabus?
The ‘State in Comparative Perspective’ is a crucial thematic area within the Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) optional syllabus for the UPSC Mains examination. This segment explores the various dimensions of statehood, governance structures, and political systems across different countries. It requires candidates to analyze and compare the functioning of states, offering a comprehensive understanding of political dynamics globally.
Q: How can I effectively prepare for the ‘State in Comparative Perspective’ section?
Successful preparation for this section involves a multifaceted approach. It’s essential to delve into the historical and contemporary aspects of different states, understand their political institutions, and analyze the factors influencing their governance. Additionally, practicing previous year questions and engaging in comparative studies of states will enhance your analytical and critical thinking skills, vital for excelling in this part of the PSIR optional.
Q: What are the key themes and topics covered under the ‘State in Comparative Perspective’ in recent UPSC Mains exams?
The UPSC has posed questions covering a wide array of topics within this theme, including federalism, types of political systems, state-society relations, governance models, and political ideologies. Familiarizing yourself with these diverse topics will help you address the varied nature of questions that may appear in the examination.
Q: How can a comparative analysis of states contribute to my overall PSIR preparation?
Comparative analysis fosters a deeper understanding of political structures and governance mechanisms, enabling you to draw insightful connections between different states. This skill not only enhances your performance in the ‘State in Comparative Perspective’ section but also strengthens your grasp of other areas within the PSIR optional, fostering a holistic approach to political science and international relations.
Q: Are there any recommended resources for preparing for the ‘State in Comparative Perspective’?
Apart from standard textbooks, candidates are encouraged to explore academic journals, research papers, and case studies that delve into the political dynamics of various states. Additionally, referring to reports from international organizations and think tanks can provide valuable insights. Engaging in discussions, participating in mock interviews, and seeking guidance from mentors can further enrich your preparation for this challenging yet rewarding segment of the PSIR optional.
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