The Lower Ganga Plains form one of India’s most important physiographic and cultural regions. For UPSC aspirants, especially in Geography (GS1), Environment (GS3) and Prelims, understanding the Hooghly River system, …
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The Ganga is more than a river — it’s a whole fluvial system that shapes India’s physical geography, settlement pattern, agriculture, culture and disaster profile. For UPSC, you must know …
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The Caucasus Region: The Forgotten Homeland of Civilisations | UPSC Geography & History Notes
by Edukemy Team
When we talk about ancient civilisations, we usually jump to the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Nile Valley, or the Yellow River civilisation of China. But a deeper look at human evolution …
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Kamchatka Earthquake & Tsunami Explained for UPSC: Ring of Fire, Plate Tectonics and Disaster Geography
by Edukemy Team
One of the most powerful earthquakes in recent times has been recorded near the Kamchatka Peninsula along the western Pacific. This region lies on the famous Pacific Ring of Fire, …
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Ozone Layer and Ozone Hole Explained for UPSC: Formation, Depletion, and Antarctic Ozone Hole
by Edukemy Team
What is Ozone (O₃)? The stratospheric ozone layer, however, acts like a protective shield for life on Earth. Role of the Ozone Layer: Protection from UV Radiation The ozone layer …
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Understanding China’s Geography for UPSC: Provinces, Mountains, Deserts, Cities & Geopolitics
by Edukemy Team
China is constantly in the news—whether it’s the Tibet issue, Xinjiang’s Uyghur crisis, Taiwan, South China Sea, or India–China border tensions. Yet, many UPSC aspirants still struggle to locate China’s …
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Dharali Disaster in Uttarkashi: Cloudburst or GLOF? A Geography & Environment Analysis for UPSC
by Edukemy Team
Recently, a massive disaster was reported in Dharali village of Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, located on the Gangotri pilgrimage route. Initially described as a cloudburst, further investigation suggests the possibility of a …
In recent years, India has faced a sharp rise in cloudburst events, especially in the Himalayan and hill regions. These incidents often result in flash floods, landslides, and urban flooding, …
Introduction In April 2025, after India declared that the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) would be held in abeyance until Pakistan ends its support for cross-border terrorism, another major step followed …
Introduction The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, has often been called one of the most successful water-sharing agreements in the world. But six decades …
