Modern History

The Surat Split of 1907 partitioned the Indian National Congress into moderates and extremists, marking a significant ideological and political division.

The annulment of the partition of Bengal in 1911 was a significant development in response to various factors, including the resistance to the partition, the emergence of revolutionary terrorism, and political considerations.

The period after 1905 saw the dominance of Extremist leadership of the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. Several factors contributed to this shift

The period between 1885 and 1905 is commonly referred to as the Moderate Phase, led by moderate leaders.

The Safety Valve theory was formulated by radical figures in India, including Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and various others.

Nationalism in India during the colonial period was indeed a political and cultural movement that sought to promote a sense of national identity and pride among Indians.

Socio-Religious Reform Movements in 19th and early 20th century India were transformative endeavors that sought to address the prevalent social and religious issues, advocating for progressive change

Lord Lytton’s “Policy of Proud Reserve” aimed to establish scientific frontiers, clarify relations with Afghanistan and safeguard British spheres of influence.

John Lawrence’s policy of “masterly inactivity” was a strategic approach during his tenure from 1864 to 1869, primarily in response to the challenges posed by the First Afghan War.

The Policy of Ring Fence, established by Warren Hastings (1765–1813), was a strategic approach adopted by the British East India Company to secure its frontiers and maintain stability in the regions surrounding its territories.