UPSC Preparation Strategy

The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) stands as a cornerstone of India’s strategic approach towards fostering economic growth and development through

Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contracts and turnkey projects are cornerstones of the construction and infrastructure industries.

Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are financial instruments that have gained prominence in recent years as avenues for investment in infrastructure and real estate assets respectively

To address the need for long-term funds at lower costs, Infrastructure Debt Funds (IDFs) have been introduced in India. These funds serve as channels for attracting long-term debt from various sources, including domestic and foreign pension and insurance funds.

The Plug and Play model represents a transformative approach to infrastructure projects, characterized by its modular and adaptable nature.

Viability Gap Funding constitutes a grant allocated to infrastructure projects that possess economic feasibility but encounter a shortfall in financing.

Take-out Financing is a financial arrangement in which a long-term investor or financial institution takes over the debt obligation from a commercial bank

The BEED model implemented in Maharashtra stands as a pioneering initiative in the realm of economic development strategies.

In the BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) model, a private entity is awarded a concession to finance, construct, and manage a project for a defined period

The Swiss challenge method is an innovative approach to awarding infrastructure development projects. Under this method, any party with credentials