Thiruvalluvar, often referred to as the Bard of Tamil Nadu, stands as an eminent figure in classical Tamil literature. Believed to have lived sometime between the 2nd century BCE and the 5th century CE, Thiruvalluvar’s legacy is primarily embodied in his magnum opus, the “Tirukkural.” This timeless work comprises 1330 couplets, meticulously crafted to offer profound insights into ethics, morality, and virtuous living. Thiruvalluvar’s verses transcend time and culture, resonating with readers across generations, fostering introspection, and guiding individuals towards a path of righteousness and wisdom. Thiruvalluvar’s enduring influence extends far beyond the boundaries of Tamil Nadu, earning him a revered status as one of India’s most esteemed sages and literary luminaries.
Tags: GS1 – A&C – Personalities- Thiruvalluvar
Context :
- The BJP’s manifesto for the LS election promises to establish Thiruvalluvar Cultural Centres across the globe to showcase Bharat’s rich culture.
Key Points related to Thiruvalluvar:
- Thiruvalluvar, also called Valluvar, was a Tamil poet-saint.
- The period when he lived is debated, as is his religious identity.
- Some accounts place him in the 3rd or 4th century CE; others date him to around 500 years later, in the 8th or 9th century.
- He is thought to be linked to Jainism. However, Hindus have also claimed that Thiruvalluvar belonged to Hinduism.
- Many communities revere Valluvar as the 64th Nayanmar of the Shaivite tradition, notably those in Mylapore and Tiruchuli.
- Dravidian groups also count him as a saint, as he dismissed the caste system.
- Thiruvalluvar Day: Thiruvalluvar Day was first celebrated on May 17 and 18 in 1935.
- At present, it is usually observed either on January 15 or 16 in Tamil Nadu and is a part of Pongal celebrations.
- Thiruvalluvar’s philosophy stresses the importance of ethics and emphasises self-discipline, honesty, and equality.
- Thiruvalluvar is nowhere mentioned in thirukkural; he is named first in a later collection of verses known as ‘Thiruvalluva Malai’.
Thirukkural:
- Thirukkural (Tamil: “Sacred Couplets”), also called Kural, is a classic Tamil text written by Thiruvalluvar.
- It has had an immense influence on Tamil culture and life.
- It is a collection of 1,330 couplets (kurals) that offer timeless wisdom on various aspects of life, including ethics, governance, love, and spirituality.
- Thirukkural is divided into three main parts or books:
- Aram (Virtue)- 38 Sections
- Porul (Wealth)- 70 Sections
- Inbam (Love).- 25 Sections
- Aram: It discusses virtues such as righteousness, truth, gratitude, and compassion. It emphasises the importance of leading a righteous life and upholding moral values in all circumstances.
- Porul: It provides insights into worldly affairs, including governance, economy, and friendship. It offers wisdom on topics like wealth management, administration, and the value of a good company.
- Inbam : It delves into the complexities of human emotions, love, and family life.
Structure and Themes:
- It contains 1330 couplets, which are divided into 133 sections of 10 couplets each.
- The couplets are composed in a concise and poetic form, making them easily memorable and quotable.
- Kurals are an essential part of every Tamil household—in the same way that, say, the Bhagavad Gita or the Ramayana/ Ramcharitmanas are in traditional North Indian Hindu households.
- It is considered one of the greatest works on ethics and morality, and it is known for its universality and secular nature.
- It places a strong emphasis on moral vegetarianism and nonviolence as personal characteristics.
- It emphasises integrity, restraint, thankfulness, hospitality, kindness, wifely goodness, duty, generosity, and other virtues.
Source: (IE)
FAQs
Q: Who was Thiruvalluvar?
Thiruvalluvar was a celebrated Tamil poet and philosopher believed to have lived around the 1st century BCE or 5th century CE. He is best known for his work “Thirukkural,” a classic Tamil text consisting of couplets on various aspects of life.
Q: What is the significance of Thirukkural?
Thirukkural is considered one of the greatest works of Tamil literature and is revered for its moral and ethical teachings. It covers a wide range of subjects including ethics, governance, love, and virtue, providing timeless wisdom that continues to inspire people across generations.
Q: What are some key themes in Thirukkural?
Thirukkural covers a diverse array of themes, including righteousness, love, wealth, governance, and friendship. Its verses emphasize virtues such as honesty, compassion, gratitude, and self-discipline, providing guidance for leading a virtuous and fulfilling life.
Q: Is Thirukkural still relevant today?
Absolutely. Despite being written over a millennium ago, the teachings of Thirukkural remain highly relevant in contemporary times. Its emphasis on ethical conduct, social justice, and personal integrity resonates with people from various walks of life, making it a timeless source of wisdom.
In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.
For UPSC Prelims Resources, Click here
For Daily Updates and Study Material:
Join our Telegram Channel – Edukemy for IAS
- 1. Learn through Videos – here
- 2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs – here
- 3. Daily Newsletter – Get all your Current Affairs Covered – here
- 4. Mains Answer Writing Practice – here
