UPSC Geography Optional Mains Solved Paper 2022

The decline in Total Fertility Rate (TFR) below the replacement level in numerous states of India could profoundly shape the future population structure of the country.

The Western Coast of India has witnessed a transformative shift in its maritime infrastructure with the development of new ports, marking a significant chapter in the country’s external trade dynamics.

The Panchayat Raj institutions in India, established as decentralized governing bodies at the grassroots level, have been integral to the democratic framework of the country.

The Forest Rights Act (FRA), enacted in 2006, stands as a pivotal legislation in India, aimed at recognizing and restoring the rights of local forest-dwelling communities.

In recent times, the escalating incidence of extreme rainfall events has cast a shadow of peril over communities residing in low-lying areas and floodplains across the country.

Dry-land farming holds paramount significance in the arid and drought-prone regions of India, where water scarcity poses a constant challenge to traditional agriculture.

India, a land of diverse landscapes and geological marvels, is bestowed with a treasure trove of rich mineral resources owing to its intricate geological structure.

The soils of India serve as a vivid canvas, portraying the intricate tapestry of the country’s geological history and environmental processes.

This essay delves into the ongoing conflicts surrounding water sharing in North-West India, examining the historical context, underlying factors, and potential solutions to this critical issue that holds the key to the region’s prosperity and well-being.

This essay will delve into the recent changes in the institutional frameworks of agriculture in India, critically evaluating their implications on the country’s agrarian dynamics.