UPSC Geography Optional Mains Solved Paper 2022

In the rapidly expanding urban landscape of India, groundwater contamination has emerged as a critical and pressing public health concern.

India’s strategic geographical location thus positions it as a promising arena for the sustainable development of non-conventional energy resources, fostering both energy security and environmental sustainability.

The southwest monsoon system in India is a critical climatic phenomenon that significantly influences the country’s agricultural, economic, and social landscape.

Desertification, a complex ecological phenomenon, unfolds as a gradual and often irreversible process, wherein fertile land succumbs to arid conditions, resulting in soil desiccation and loss.

India’s remarkable biological diversity is intricately intertwined with its physiography and climate, forming a tapestry of ecosystems that span from the towering Himalayan peaks to the coastal plains and tropical rainforests.

The persistent challenge of extreme particulate pollution in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) has become a critical and enduring issue, capturing the attention of environmentalists, policymakers, and the public alike.

Mapping India is not just about delineating its physical boundaries but delving into its historical, cultural, and demographic nuances.

The Rank-Size Rule, formulated by the American linguist George Zipf, is a principle that describes the distribution of city sizes within a country or region.

Johann Heinrich von Thünen’s theory of agricultural location, proposed in the early 19th century, remains remarkably relevant and applicable in today’s world, despite the profound changes in technology, transportation, and global economics.

Migration is a complex phenomenon influenced by a myriad of factors, with push and pull factors standing out as crucial elements shaping the movement of populations.