Introduction:
Polymetallic nodules are clusters of minerals containing manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, and iron hydroxide, discovered on the Indian Ocean floor at depths of around 6000 meters. Ranging in size from millimeters to centimeters, these nodules hold significant value for electronics, smartphones, batteries, and solar panels.
Body:
Significance and Relevance of India’s Deep-Sea Mission:
- Resource Enhancement: The inclusion of polymetallic nodules in the ‘Deep Ocean Mission’ blueprint strengthens India’s capacity to efficiently exploit resources in the Indian Ocean Basin.
- Mineral Exploration: The mission, guided by the International Seabed Authority, designates a vast 75,000 sq. km area in the Central Indian Ocean Basin for initial mining efforts, targeting polymetallic nodules on the seabed.
- Climate Impact Assessment: The mission investigates the oceanic effects of climate change, aiding India in preparing for and managing climate-related crises.
- Technological Advancements: The mission fosters technological innovation, including the development of underwater vehicles and robotics.
- High Seas Accord Alignment: In line with a UN treaty, India commits to protecting 30% of global oceans by 2030. The Deep Ocean Mission aligns with this commitment, showcasing India’s dedication to oceanic conservation.
Challenges and Limitations:
- Environmental Impact: Deep-sea mining poses a threat to fragile ecosystems, potentially causing irreversible damage before the full extent of biodiversity is understood.
- Technological Hurdles: Operating at extreme depths presents engineering challenges; creating machinery that can withstand harsh conditions is complex.
- Regulatory Framework: The absence of a comprehensive international regulatory framework for deep-sea mining raises concerns regarding resource distribution, environmental protection, and equitable sharing of benefits.
- Economic Viability: The initial investment costs for deep-sea mining are substantial, necessitating a careful balance between potential benefits and financial feasibility.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, polymetallic nodules represent a convergence of science, technology, and industry. India’s Deep-Sea Mission pioneers resource extraction amidst formidable challenges. Striking a balance between economic considerations, environmental preservation, and responsible exploration will shape its enduring success and sustainability.
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