Which of the above is/are used to create transgenic crops?
The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.
Transgenic Crops
It is the crops that have their genomes modified through genetic engineering techniques either by the addition of a foreign gene or removal of a certain detrimental gene. the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plat which does not naturally occur.
Budding and Grafting are horticultural techniques, Grafting is the act of placing a portion of one plant (bud or scion) into or on a stem, root, or branch of another (stock) in such a way that a union will be formed and the partners will continue to grow.
In the budding process, a bud is taken from one plant and grown on another. it does not lead to any genetic modification. Hence, Statement 1 is not correct.
Cytoplasmic male sterility
It is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions.
Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce pollen or male gametes.
The cytoplasmic male sterility systems are widely utilized in crop plants for hybrid breeding due to the convenience of controlling sterility. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
Gene Silencing
By using RNA interference technology, transcriptional gene silencing, virus-induced gene silencing, has been used in horticultural techniques. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
The double-strand RNAs present inside the cell are responsible for producing small interfering RNAs, short hairpin RNAs, and micro RNAs.
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