Q1. With reference to Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar?
- Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection.
- Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and the revenue rights of Zamindars were not hereditary.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: D
- The two main institutions, namely Mansabdari and the Jagirdari, were created by Akbar to consolidate and to expand his empire. These covered both civil and military sectors of administration.
- Statement 1 is not correct: In Mughal India, Jagirdars under the Mansabdari system were assigned land in lieu of assigned duties towards the empire such as police, judicial, and military; Zamindars too apart from revenue collecting duties had to render military duties and perform Khidmat such as rendering soldiers to fill the ranks of the royal army at times of need and offer gifts at the royal court.
- Statement 2 is not correct: Jagirdars were frequently transferred as promotion and demotion was a regular part of the empire as loyalties towards the Emperor were largely dependent on the rank of jagir/mansab held by a Noble; on the other hand, Zamindars had hereditary rights over revenue as their sway over rural society was overarching in all aspects which rested on paternal and patronage application of rituals. Caste was one factor that resulted in the eminent status of Zamindars
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