UPSC Prelims 2019 – Question 98

Q98. Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multidrug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?

1. Genetic predisposition of some people.
2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases.
3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming.
4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only

Answer: B

• Statement 1 is not correct: Genetic predisposition is an increased chance that one will develop a certain disease based on the genetic makeup. A predisposition contributes to the development of disease but is not the reason for the occurrence for multidrug resistance in microbial pathogens.
• Statement 2 is correct: In many places, antibiotics are overused and misused in people and animals, and often given without professional oversight
• Statement 3 is correct: Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobials designed to target bacterial infections in people and animals. Antibiotics increase the efficiency of animal growth by inhibiting the growth of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract which triggers immune responses in the host. But indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock farming is also the reason for the occurrence of multidrug resistance in microbial pathogens

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