Here is Question No. 37 a part of our series on UPSC Prelims 2022.
Q37. Consider the following statements:
- Biofilms can form on medical implants within human tissues.
- Biofilms can form on food and food processing surfaces.
- Biofilms can exhibit antibiotic resistance.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer – D
- Statement 1 is correct: Biofilms are ubiquitous and they form on virtually all surfaces immersed in a natural aqueous environment, e.g., water pipes, living tissue, tooth surfaces, implanted medical devices, dental implants, etc.
- Statement 2 is correct: Diverse microorganisms are able to grow on food matrixes and along food industry infrastructures. Biofilm can form on food and food processing surfaces. For example Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, etc. Salmonella enterica contaminates food and may induce massive outbreaks and even death in children and the elderly.
- Statement 3 is correct: Biofilm can cause chronic infections, It is a structured consortium of bacteria embedded in a self-produced polymer matrix consisting of polysaccharides, protein and DNA. Bacterial biofilms show increased tolerance to antibiotics and disinfectant chemicals as well as resisting phagocytosis and other components of the body’s defense system. Bacterial biofilms are serious global health concerns due to their ability to tolerate antibiotics (exhibiting antibiotic resistance), host defense systems and other external stresses; therefore, it contribute to persistent chronic infections
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