Q1. Of the four landmarks in medical history given below, which one was the first to take place? (1996)
(a) Organ transplant
(c) Test tube baby
(b) Bypass surgery
(d) Plastic surgery
Ans. (d)
Exp. Out of the four landmarks in medical history given above, plastic surgery was the first to one take place. Plastic surgery is one of the ancient surgical techniques. It was developed far beyond anything known elsewhere at the time.
It was first conducted by Sushruta around 600 BC in this respect Indian surgery remained ahead of European.
Q2. Match List I (Physiological processes) with List II (Cell organelles) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: (1996)
| List I (Physiological processes) | List II (Cell organelles) |
| A. Photosynthesis | 1. Chloroplast |
| B. Mineral uptake | 2. Plasma Membrane |
| C. Respiration | 3. Mitochondria |
| D. Protein Synthesis | 4. Ribosomes |
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 2 1 4 3
Ans. (c)
Exp. The correct matching is A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants prepare their own food (sugar) in the presence of sunlight. It takes place in the chloroplast of leaves. Mineral uptake of the cell is regulated by a semi-permeable membrane called plasma membrane. (i.e. the boundary between the cell and its environment).
Respiration in cell is performed by a cell organelle called mitochondria.
In mitochondria, the oxygen and nutrients are converted into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of
the cell.
Protein synthesis is performed in the protein factories of the cell also called ribosomes. These are granular structures found inside the cytoplasm of the cell. These are mainly composed of RNA and proteins.
Q3. Fat present below the skin surface in our body, acta as a barrier against (1996)
(a) loss of heat from the body
(b) loss of essential body fluids
(c) loss of salts from the body
(d) entry of harmful microorganisms from the environment
Ans. (a)
Exp. Fat present below the skin surface in our body, acts as a barrier against loss of heat from the body. The skin is the largest organ in our body, which covers the whole body. The skin comprises of different layers which include muscle cells and fat tissue cells. The deposited fat works as a barrier, which prevents loss of heat from the body. Thus, help in temperature regulation.
Q4. Alpha-keratin is a protein present in (1996)
(a) blood
(b) skin
(c) wool
(d) eggs
Ans. (b)
Exp. Alpha-keratin is a protein present in skin. It is a type of fibrous structural protein found in vertebrates and is made up of amino acids that form a repeating secondary structure. Keratin protein serves as an important structural and protective functions particularly in the epithelium Some keratins have also been found to regulate key cellular activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis.
Q5. Which organelle in the cell, other than nucleus, contains DNA? (2003)
(a) Centriole (c) Lysosome
(b) Golgi apparatus (d) Mitochondria
Ans. (d)
Exp. Mitochondria is the organelle in the cell other than nucleus which contains DNA. Apart from mitochondria, chloroplast also possess their own DNA which is circular in nature. The mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes which are essential for the normal functioning of mitochondria.
Q6. Which of the following cell organelles play the most significant role in protein synthesis? (2003)
(a) Lysosome and centrosome
(b) Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome
(c) Golgi apparatus and mitochondria (d) Lysosome and mitochondria
Ans. (b)
Exp. Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome play the most significant role in protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of double membrane. And ribosomes are small granules either scattered in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (i.e. RER). Both ER and ribosomes
play an important role in protein synthesis.
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