Embark on a captivating journey into the vibrant world of Urdu literature, a UPSC Civil Services Examination optional subject. Urdu, boasting the status of one of India’s 22 official languages, offers a rich tapestry of literary works encompassing poetry, prose, and more. This optional subject delves into the historical and cultural roots of Urdu, explores the evolution of various genres, and examines the contributions of literary giants who have shaped the landscape of Urdu expression. By opting for Urdu literature, you gain a deeper understanding of Indian society and unlock the power of language to illuminate historical eras, social movements, and the human experience itself.
Urdu Paper 1
Section – A
Development of Urdu Language
(a) Development of Indo-Aryan
(i) Old Indo-Aryan
(ii) Middle Indo-Aryan
(iii) New Indo-Aryan.
(b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi, Kannauji, Bundeli—Theories about the origin of Urdu language.
(c) Dakhani Urdu—origin and development, its significant linguistic features.
(d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language— and its distinctive features. Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.
Section – B
(a) Genres and their development:
(i) Poetry: Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai Jadid Nazm.
(ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.
(b) Significant feaures of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools, (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement, Progressive movement, Modernism.
(c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor.
(d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginativetopics).
Urdu Paper 2
Section – A
- Mir Amman – Bagho-Babar
- Ghalib – Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e Ghalib
- Mohd. Husain Azad – Nairang-e-Khayal
- Prem Chand – Godan
- Rajendra Singh Bedi – Apne Dukh Mujhe Dedo
- Abul Kalam Azad – Ghubar-e-Khatir
Section – B
- Mir – Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abdul Haq.)
- Mir Hasan – Sahrul Bayan
- Ghalib – Diwan-e-Ghalib
- Iqbal – Bal-e-Jibrail
- Firaq – Gul-e-Naghma
- Faiz – Dast-e-Saba
- Akhtruliman – Bint-e-Lamhat
FAQs on Urdu Literature Optional Subject – UPSC
1. Is Urdu Literature a good choice for the UPSC Mains exam?
Ans: Urdu Literature can be a great choice for UPSC Mains if you have a strong foundation in the language and a genuine interest in its literary heritage. It offers a unique perspective on Indian history, culture, and social issues. However, it requires a significant amount of dedication and consistent effort due to the vast syllabus.
2. What are the advantages of choosing Urdu Literature as an optional?
Ans: Here are some advantages:
- Relatively Less Competition: Compared to popular options like Public Administration or Sociology, Urdu Literature attracts fewer candidates.
- In-depth understanding of Indian Culture: Urdu literature reflects a rich blend of Indian and foreign influences, offering valuable insights into the country’s cultural tapestry.
- Enhances Analytical and Writing Skills: Analyzing literary works strengthens your analytical and critical thinking skills, which are crucial for UPSC success.
3. What is the syllabus for Urdu Literature in UPSC Mains?
Ans: The syllabus covers a wide range of topics, including:
- History of Urdu language and literature
- Different literary genres like poetry, prose, and drama
- Major Urdu poets, writers, and their works
- Socio-cultural and political context of Urdu literature
- Literary criticism and theory
4. What resources can help me prepare for Urdu Literature in UPSC?
Ans: Here are some helpful resources:
- NCERT Urdu textbooks
- Standard reference books by reputed authors like Khwaja Ahmed Farooqi and Gopichand Narang
- Past UPSC toppers’ notes (available online or through coaching institutes)
- Urdu literary journals and magazines
5. How can I improve my Urdu language skills for the exam?
Ans: Here are some tips:
- Immerse yourself in the language – Read Urdu newspapers, watch Urdu movies and documentaries, listen to Urdu music.
- Practice writing in Urdu – Maintain a diary, write summaries of literary works you study.
- Find a language partner – Converse with native Urdu speakers to improve fluency and comprehension.
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