UPSC Mains General Studies Paper – 1 Mains 2023
UPSC Mains Civil Services IAS Exam Question Paper – 2023
Introduction
Gandhi and Tagore, both gems of their age, had profound influences on the ideas of education and nationalism that shaped the course of the Indian independence struggle and the future.
Body
Although zeroing on similar ideals of holistic development of the society both had differentiating yet unique approaches.
| Approach on Education | ||
| Mahatma Gandhi | Approach | Rabindranath Tagore |
| Emphasis on holistic development of a child, focusing on body, mind and soul for a just social order. I.e. NAYI-TALIM | Scheme of education | stressed on self realization through education |
| as means to attain self sufficiency in society and emancipation of oppressed. Eradication of racial and social discrimination. | significance of education | stressed on self realization through education |
| Truth, non-violence, non-stealing, non-possession, chastity and untouchability. Importance of education in mother tongue. | Characteristics of approach | Inclusion of physical health and mental health. Stress on creativity and art forms, poetry, paintings, music and dance Stress on syncretic education |
| Wardha education system: work centered, value based, mass oriented | efforts | Shanti Niketan, Vishwa Bharati university for universal education |
| Approach on nationalism | ||
| Mahatma Gandhi | Approach | Rabindranath Tagore |
| 3 major ingredient: Swaraj, Communal Harmony, Non-Violence | Idea of nationalism | Highly critical of the concept of nation and called nationalism as the source of belligerent foreign policy. Believed in the Indian philosophy of ‘VASUDHAIV KUTUMBKAM’ |
| Through mobilization of masses .e.g.. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT, CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT. | manifestation | Through literary and poetic pronunciation .e.g.. AMAR SHONAR BANGLA |
| Believed in incorporative nationalism, emancipation from communal yoke, opposed communitarian approach and stressed civic humanism. | characteristics | Did not believe in economic boycott i.e. swadeshi movement, considered it xenophobia Accepted British literature, arts and thoughts as his highest ideals except the idea of ‘nation’. |
Conclusion
Therefore both Gandhi and Tagore had differentiating ideas on education and nationalism. Yet they inspired the masses to achieve the common goal of independence from the colonial powers and building a more inclusive and awakened society.
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