UPSC Mains General Studies Paper – 1 Mains 2023
UPSC Mains Civil Services IAS Exam Question Paper – 2023
Introduction
The Sultanate Period in India, spanning from the 13th to the 16th century, witnessed significant technological advancements that left a lasting impact on Indian society. These innovations transformed various aspects of daily life, economy, and culture.
Body:
The major technological changes: –
| TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES | INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY |
| Spinning wheel– the production of textile improved with the introduction of spinning wheel . | The charkha is a wheel-like, hand-powered device used to spin thread from Fibres. It was later popularized by Mahatma Gandhi during the Indian independence movement as a symbol of self-reliance. Presently , development of the khadi industry . |
| Sarai’s -Sher shah Suri initiated building of Sarai’s , the rest houses for the state and wayfarers. | Sarai’s – now known by different names like Dharamshala.it led to development of towns on trade routes . e.g.- Prayagraj. |
| Token currency -by Muhammad bin Tughlaq -started the silver tanka and copper dirham currency . | This helped in the growth of a monetized economy. |
| Rahat – irrigation system- the persian wheel –lifted water from deep for irrigation. | This led to higher agricultural surplus and improved food security. its influence can be seen in the usage of pulley to lift water from wells . e.g. – Rajasthan. |
| Road construction– royal road from Peshawar to Sonargaon , Mohammad Tughlaq built road to Daulat Abad . | This facilitated trade and communication , movement of people – Urbanization – development of national highways in India . |
| Postal system -with relay and horses | relevance can be seen in today’s society – in the form of Indian postal services. With globalization ,delivery of basic necessities like food, clothing etc. can be considered the modified version of the historical postal system |
| Armour – both for horse and the rider | It influenced the Mughals , they widely used Armours – e.g. – chainmail , scalemail. |
| Superior mortar- enabled Turks to erect large buildings . | dry mix mortar is used for various applications including grouting, plastering, waterproofing, insulation, and jointing. |
Conclusion:
Therefore, The Sultanate period brought about a multitude of technological changes that reshaped Indian society. These innovations also enriched culture, architecture, and knowledge dissemination. The legacy of these advancements continues to influence modern India, reflecting the dynamism and adaptability of Indian society through the ages.
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