Mastering UPSC Essay Writing: How to handle Philosophical & Abstract Topics

If you’ve been following the UPSC essay paper trends, you’ve probably noticed a major shift. Gone are the days when essays were just about facts, policies, and governance. Today, UPSC is testing something deeper—your ability to think critically, connect abstract ideas, and present a well-structured argument.

Topics like “You cannot step into the same river twice” or “Wisdom finds truth” can feel overwhelming at first. Where do you even start? How do you build a solid argument on something so abstract?

Today we are continuing where we left off with the 4As of essay writing – Read that article here. https://edukemy.com/blog/mastering-upsc-essay-writing-the-4-as/

You can also join our telegram channel to learn more every day – https://t.me/EssayswithEDUKEMY

Let’s get on with it now and break it down. Let’s make things simpler.

1. Why is UPSC Moving Towards Abstract & Philosophical Topics?

Think of it this way—facts can be memorized, but the ability to think originally, analyze deeply, and connect ideas across disciplines? That’s a skill.

Here’s what UPSC is looking for:
✅ How well can you structure and present complex thoughts?
✅ Can you connect abstract ideas with real-world examples?
✅ Are you capable of balanced, nuanced thinking rather than rigid, one-dimensional arguments?

The Shift in Essay Topics Over the Years

🔹 Earlier Topics (Fact-Based & Policy-Driven)

• “Impact of Globalization on Indian Culture” (2013)
• “Can Capitalism Bring Inclusive Growth?” (2015)
• “Education Without Values Makes a Man More Clever Devil” (2016)

🔹 Recent Topics (Philosophical & Abstract)

• “Wisdom Finds Truth” (2020)
• “Life is a Long Journey Between Human Being and Being Humane” (2020)
• “A Society That Has More Justice is a Society That Needs Less Charity” (2021)
• “The Process of Self-Discovery Has Now Been Technologically Outsourced” (2020)

See the difference? Earlier, essays tested your knowledge. Now, they test your perspective.

2. How to Tackle Philosophical & Abstract Essays?

(A) Start by Understanding the Core Idea

When you see an abstract topic, don’t panic. Break it down. Ask:
❓ What is this really about?
❓ Can I explain this in one simple sentence?
❓ What real-world examples fit this idea?

Example: “The cost of being wrong is less than the cost of doing nothing” (2021)
✔ It’s about decision-making, risk-taking, and leadership.
✔ Examples: India’s 1991 economic reforms, space exploration, pandemic response.

Tip: If you can explain the topic in a single line, you’ve already won half the battle.

(B) Develop a Thought Process – Use the 4C Framework

Abstract topics don’t come with a defined structure, so you need a clear approach. Use the 4C method:

✅ 1. Contextualize – Define the topic and its relevance in today’s world.
✅ 2. Conceptualize – Bring in philosophy, ethics, governance, history to explore its depth.
✅ 3. Correlate – Relate it to real-world examples, policies, or personal experiences.
✅ 4. Conclude – Offer a balanced perspective with a forward-looking approach.

💡 Example: “Not All Who Wander Are Lost” (2023)

• Contextualize: The idea of wandering = exploration, freedom of thought.
• Conceptualize: Linked to philosophy, creativity, non-linear career paths.
• Correlate: Examples of Einstein (scientific curiosity), Gandhi (political exploration), Steve Jobs (career wandering leading to innovation).
• Conclude: Emphasize the importance of intellectual and personal exploration in progress.

(C) Think Multi-Dimensionally

Abstract essays require depth. Cover different perspectives:

💡 Tip: The best essays link philosophy to governance, psychology to policy-making, and abstract ideas to real-life application.

(D) Build Your Own Thought Process (Iterative Thinking)

Good essay writing isn’t about writing one perfect draft. It’s an iterative process:
1️⃣ Break the topic into keywords.
2️⃣ Ask deep questions – Why does this idea matter? What are its implications?
3️⃣ Challenge your assumptions – What are counterarguments?

💡 Example: “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
✔ Why does power corrupt? → Lack of accountability, human greed, ego.
✔ Counterargument? → Some leaders use power responsibly (Gandhi, Mandela).
✔ Application? → Need for checks and balances in democracy.

3. Final Strategy: How to Prepare for Abstract Essays in UPSC?

✅ 1. Read Philosophy, Ethics & Literature – Develop a strong foundation.
✅ 2. Practice Writing on Abstract Topics Weekly – Refine clarity & structure.
✅ 3. Build a Repository of Case Studies & Quotes – Support your arguments.
✅ 4. Think Like a Civil Servant – How does this topic apply to governance & society?
✅ 5. Read Past Year Essays & High-Scoring Answers – Identify what works.

Conclusion: Adapt & Think Beyond Facts

The UPSC essay paper is evolving. It’s no longer about listing facts, but about presenting structured thoughts, analyzing human nature, and offering insightful perspectives.

To succeed in abstract essay writing:
🚀 Develop a strong thought process
🚀 Structure your essay logically
🚀 Support arguments with philosophy, history, and case studies

Philosophical essays might seem intimidating at first, but once you train your mind to think critically and creatively, they become an opportunity to shine! ✨